Spanish marjoram essential oil (Thymus mastichina L. ssp. mastichina, Lamiaceae = Labiatae family — same family as thyme/oregano/savory/rosemary/sage/lavender/mint cluster) is a 1,8-cineole-MAJOR-DOMINANT aerial-parts-distilled cineole-CT-class EO with CHILDREN-FACE-EXPLICIT-CONTRAINDICATION cineole-class hazard signature. B216 Ch.13 p.690 cites Miguel et al 2003a chemistry: 1,8-cineole 45.1–58.6% (major-dominant) + camphor 5.5–8.9% (secondary) + α-pinene 4.6–6.8% + camphene 4.3–6.0% + borneol 3.8–5.9% + β-pinene 2.3–5.1% + α-terpineol 2.8–4.5% + linalool 0.4–4.0% + sabinene 1.9–3.4% + terpinen-4-ol 1.1–3.1% + (E)-sabinene hydrate 0.1–3.0% + elemol 0.4–2.2% + (E)-β-ocimene 0.5–2.1% + δ-terpineol 1.0–2.0% + β-myrcene 0.7–1.6% + (+)-limonene 1.3–1.5% + γ-terpinene 0.4–1.3% + intermedeol 0.2–1.3%. Hazard signature B216 EXPLICIT verbatim: "Hazards: Essential oils high in 1,8-cineole can cause CNS and breathing problems in young children. Contraindications: Do not apply to or near the face of infants or children." CRITICAL cross-genus-disambiguation rail B216 EXPLICIT verbatim: "The plant is oddly named, as it has little in common with sweet marjoram (see Marjoram (sweet) profile) either chemically or botanically." → Spanish marjoram is Thymus (NOT Origanum), 1,8-cineole-CT (NOT terpinen-4-ol-CT like sweet marjoram Origanum majorana B216 p.691, NOT carvacrol-CT like wild oregano carvacrol B216 p.692, NOT linalool-CT like wild oregano linalool B216 p.693). Adverse-skin-reactions clean-class-rail B216 EXPLICIT verbatim Opdyke 1976 p.467: undiluted mildly irritating to rabbits, NOT irritating to mice or pigs; tested at 6% on 25 volunteers neither irritating nor sensitizing; non-phototoxic. Acute-toxicity clean-class-rail B216 EXPLICIT verbatim Opdyke 1976 p.467: acute oral LD50 in rats > 5 g/kg; acute dermal LD50 in rabbits > 5 g/kg. 1,8-Cineole-young-children-poisoning rail B216 EXPLICIT Melis et al 1989: "1,8-Cineole has been reported to cause serious poisoning in young children when accidentally instilled into the nose." Reproductive-toxicity low-class-rail B216 EXPLICIT: low reproductive toxicity of 1,8-cineole + camphor + α-pinene → NOT hazardous in pregnancy. No-carcinogen-class B216 EXPLICIT: no known carcinogens. Antioxidant-activity-clean-rail B216 EXPLICIT Miguel et al 2003b. Comments B216 EXPLICIT: wild-distilled commercial origin → composition variation expected ("considering that the oil is mostly distilled from wild-growing plants there is probably more variation in composition than the constituents listed above suggest"). 1,8-Cineole-MAJOR-DOMINANCE class peer: [[eucalyptus-cineole]] EO714 17a (cineole umbrella 7-species 30–80%) + [[hibawood]] EO740 21a + [[hinoki-leaf]] EO741 21a + [[hinoki-root]] EO742 21b + [[combava-leaf]] EO709 16c + [[fragonia]] EO727 19a (triple-balance) + [[galangal-greater]] EO729 19a (49.6% inverse-threshold) + ravintsara + cajeput + niaouli + saro + many Myrtaceae + Myristicaceae cineole-CT EOs. Lamiaceae-family-aromatic-Thymus-genus-rail: [[marjoram-spanish]] (this oil) + thyme + savory + oregano + mint + sage + rosemary + lavender + basil + clary-sage + many Lamiaceae herb cluster. Opens Mini-Batch 25a heterogeneity-progression after Mini-Batch 24b CLOSED 24a/24b sequence.
Tổng Quan
- Danh pháp khoa học
- Thymus mastichina L. ssp. mastichina
- Họ thực vật
- Lamiaceae
- Bộ phận dùng
- Aerial parts (flowering plant)
- Phương pháp chiết xuất
- steam_distillation
- Màu sắc
- —
- Phân loại nốt hương
- Nốt Top/Middle
- Hương thơm
- —
- Chemotype / Cultivar
- —
Các quốc gia sản xuất chính
Tình trạng tại Việt Nam
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Fresh-camphoraceous-eucalyptus-medicinal, sharp-cool-cineole-DOMINANT, camphor-spicy-undertone, slightly-piney-α-pinene-camphene, herbaceous-Iberian-Mediterranean, mastic-thyme-character, Spanish-marjoram-signature
Tươi mát long não cineole đặc trưng, chất bạch đàn dược liệu sắc lạnh, phụ tầng long não cay, hơi nhựa thông α-pinene-camphene, thảo mộc Địa Trung Hải Iberian, đặc tính mastic thyme, hương kinh giới Tây Ban Nha đặc trưng
2–4 giờ
Tên gọi tại Việt Nam
Pha Chế & Hòa Hợp
1,8-Cineole (45.1–58.6%) promotes mucociliary clearance and reduces bronchial mucus viscosity via modulation of airway epithelium transport, consistent with established cineole-class pharmacology.
Ref: B216 1,8-Cineole profile Chapter 14; Tisserand & Young 2014, Ch.13
1,8-Cineole (45.1–58.6%) reduces nasal airway resistance and produces the airway-opening effect documented for high-cineole essential oils at the class level.
Ref: class-extrapolation from 1,8-cineole class (B216 1,8-Cineole profile Chapter 14); Tisserand & Young 2014, Ch.13
T. mastichina ssp. mastichina essential oil demonstrated direct free-radical scavenging activity in controlled assays, attributed to its dominant terpenoid constituent profile.
Ref: Miguel et al 2003b
1,8-Cineole and α-pinene (4.6–6.8%) disrupt bacterial membrane integrity; chemistry characterisation of T. mastichina EO supports broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity consistent with the Thymus genus.
Ref: Miguel et al 2003a; class-extrapolation from 1,8-cineole class (B216 Ch.14)
1,8-Cineole modulates NF-κB-mediated cytokine release at the class level; minor terpinen-4-ol content (1.1–3.1%) contributes additional anti-inflammatory modulation.
Ref: class-extrapolation from 1,8-cineole class (B216 Ch.14); B216 Terpinen-4-ol profile Chapter 14
Camphor (5.5–8.9%) acts as a counterirritant via thermosensory nerve stimulation; combined with cineole vasodilatory properties, supports topical muscular pain relief in adults.
Ref: class-extrapolation from camphor class (B216 Camphor profile Chapter 14); Tisserand & Young 2014, Ch.13
AI-summary
No species-specific RCT-grade clinical trials for Thymus mastichina as a therapeutic agent were identified. Miguel et al (2003b) conducted a controlled laboratory study directly demonstrating antioxidant activity of T. mastichina ssp. mastichina essential oil; Miguel et al (2003a) characterised its constituent chemistry profile. The dominant constituent 1,8-cineole (45.1–58.6%) has substantial class-level evidence from related high-cineole oils for mucolytic and respiratory outcomes (B216 Ch.14), but this cannot be directly attributed to T. mastichina without species-specific RCTs. Opdyke (1976) confirmed non-irritant, non-sensitising dermal safety at 6% in 25 adult volunteers — safety outcome only, not therapeutic. Traditional aromatherapy use broadly supports respiratory, antimicrobial, and muscular applications based on constituent profile and Thymus-genus class properties.
NarrativeTâm trạng: Stimulating, Uplifting
Chakra
throat
Ngũ hành
kim
| Phương pháp | Liều lượng | Ghi chú |
|---|---|---|
| Diffusion | 3–5 drops in 100 ml water (ultrasonic diffuser) | KHÔNG dùng trong không gian có trẻ em hoặc nhũ nhi — cineole hàm lượng cao gây nguy cơ hô hấp (Melis 1989). Adults: 15–30 min sessions, ventilated room. |
| Topical massage | 1–3% in carrier oil (max 5% adult cap) | Blend at 1–2% for chest/back massage. Max 5% adult per T&Y. Do not apply to or near face of infants or children under any circumstances. |
| Steam inhalation | 1–2 drops in bowl of hot water | Adults only. Close eyes; inhale 5–10 min. KHÔNG dùng cho trẻ em. Effective for sinus congestion and upper respiratory support. |
| Personal inhaler | 3–4 drops on cotton wick | Adults only. 2–3× daily short-duration inhalation. Do not use near infants or young children. Convenient for travel-use respiratory support. |
| Warm compress | 3–4 drops in 5 ml carrier, added to 500 ml warm water | For adult muscular aches or chest congestion. Dissolve in carrier oil first before adding to water. Avoid direct contact with mucous membranes. |
Dầu nền phù hợp
Kết hợp tốt với
Blend kinh điển
An Toàn
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Thai kỳ & Cho con bú
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