- Pimpinella anisum L., Apiaceae. Source: seeds (schizocarp fruit); steam distillation. "Anise / Aniseed / Pimpinella anise / Tiểu hồi hương / Đại hồi (DO NOT confuse with Star Anise)". NOT the same as [[anise-star]] (Illicium verum, Schisandraceae — different family, different species, similar chemistry but distinct regulatory + sustainability profile). Both share (E)-anethole as dominant constituent but from different plants.
- Chemistry (Tabanca 2005; Lawrence 1989 — via B216): (E)-Anethole 75.2–96.1% (typical 87–94%) + Estragole (methyl chavicol) 0.5–5.0% + γ-Himachalene 0.5–2.8% + Anisaldehyde 0.1–1.4% + (Z)-Anethole 0.1–1.0% + Methyl chavicol 0.3–2.0% + α-Zingiberene 0.2–1.5%. Anethole-dominant (E-isomer 75-96%).
- Hazards: Drug interaction — estrogenic; skin sensitization (anethole); methyl chavicol genotoxic concern. Contraindications: Pregnancy + lactation + endometriosis + estrogen-dependent cancers; children <5y. Max dermal 1.75% (T&Y — based on estragole + methyl chavicol + (E)-anethole composite cap). Max oral 70 mg/day (T&Y). Drug interactions: hormone-sensitive medications, SSRIs, MAOIs.
- (E)-Anethole-estrogenic rail (IMPORTANT): (E)-Anethole + its metabolite dianethole + photoanethole bind to estrogen receptor β at low-micromolar potency. Clinical relevance: documented galactagogue (milk-production stimulant) + emmenagogue + spasmolytic actions in traditional medicine track with estrogenic mechanism. CI: pregnancy, breastfeeding (both ways — could affect lactation either direction), endometriosis, uterine fibroids, estrogen-dependent cancers (breast, ovarian, endometrial).
- Estragole + methyl chavicol genotoxic-carcinogen rail (IMPORTANT): Both estragole + methyl chavicol are hepatic CYP1A2-activated genotoxic carcinogens at high-sustained doses (rodent + in vitro data). EU SCF 2001 + EMA/HMPC opinion flag them. Anise contains 0.5–5% combined → T&Y oral cap 70 mg/day reflects this. Oral aromatherapy dosing + high-frequency flavor use both carry theoretical long-term risk. Foeniculin in fennel has similar concerns.
Tổng Quan
- Danh pháp khoa học
- Pimpinella anisum L.
- Họ thực vật
- Apiaceae
- Bộ phận dùng
- —
- Phương pháp chiết xuất
- steam_distillation
- Màu sắc
- —
- Phân loại nốt hương
- Nốt Top/Middle
- Hương thơm
- —
- Chemotype / Cultivar
- —
Tình trạng tại Việt Nam
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Phân loại nốt
Top-Middle
Cường độ
4/5
Độ bền trên da
2–4 giờ
Họ hương
Sweet-licorice-anisic
Hương đầu (Opening)(0–15 phút)
Warm sweet licorice, penetrating anisic depth, softly medicinal-herbal warmth, diffusive and persistently lingering, comforting spice-candy sweetness
Hương giữa (Heart)(15–60 phút)
Ngọt ấm như cam thảo sâu lắng, mùi hồi xuyên thấu nhẹ nhàng, thoảng dịu vị thảo dược, lan tỏa và vương vấn dai dẳng, ấm áp dịu dàng như gia vị ngọt ngào
Hương nền (Drydown)(1–4 giờ)
2–4 giờ
Cường độ hương
4/5
Da khô
1/5
Da dầu/mụn
2/5
Da lão hóa
1/5
Da thường
2/5
Da nhạy cảm
1/5
Da hỗn hợp
2/5
Nhập khẩuImported
Tên gọi tại Việt Nam
Tinh dầu Tiểu hồi hương (Anise / Aniseed)
Pha Chế & Hòa Hợp
carminative / antispasmodic
Trans-anethole relaxes smooth muscle of the gastrointestinal tract, relieving bloating, flatulence, and intestinal cramping via calcium-channel antagonism on visceral smooth muscle.
Ref: EMA/HMPC 2014; Tisserand & Young 2014, Ch.13 p.443
expectorant / mucolytic
Trans-anethole is believed to stimulate bronchial mucus secretion and enhance mucociliary clearance, loosening phlegm in upper respiratory catarrh.
Ref: EMA/HMPC 2014
phytoestrogen activity
Trans-anethole and its polymers dianethole/photoanethole structurally resemble stilbene-class estrogens, binding oestrogen receptors and producing hormonal-like effects.
Ref: Albert-Puleo (1980); Tisserand & Young 2014, Ch.14 Anethole profile
antifungal
Trans-anethole disrupts fungal cell membrane integrity; in vitro activity reported against Candida spp. and dermatophytes in anethole-dominant oils.
Ref: class-extrapolation from fennel (Foeniculum vulgare, anethole-dominant); Tisserand & Young 2014, Ch.13
antimicrobial — gram-positive
Phenylpropanoid constituents including trans-anethole and minor estragole show in vitro inhibition of gram-positive bacteria in GC-profiled aniseed oils.
Ref: Tabanca (2005); Lawrence (1989) via B216
digestive tonic / appetite stimulant
Traditional aromatic use stimulates gastric secretion and peristalsis via olfactory-vagal reflex; corroborated by EMA/HMPC oral herbal monograph for functional dyspepsia.
Ref: EMA/HMPC 2014
AI-summary
No RCT-grade aromatherapy inhalation or topical trials for anise essential oil were located in the source citations. The EMA/HMPC (2014) community herbal monograph for aniseed recognises traditional use for mild spasmodic gastrointestinal complaints and upper respiratory catarrh, but only for orally administered prepared herbal forms (tea, tincture) — this evidence does not extend to topical or inhalation aromatherapy routes. Genotoxic concern from estragole (EU SCF 2001 safety opinion) effectively precludes human clinical trials at therapeutic topical doses. Opdyke (1973) reported no sensitisation in 25 volunteers at 2% but noted mild sensitisation at higher concentrations, providing limited tolerability data only. Traditional aromatherapy use is widely accepted; RCT-grade clinical evidence for the essential oil applied aromatically or dermally is absent.
NarrativeTâm trạng: Calming, Uplifting
comfortnostalgiawarmtheasereassuranceclarity
Chakra
sacral
Ngũ hành
tho
| Phương pháp | Liều lượng | Ghi chú |
|---|---|---|
| Diffusion | 1-2 drops in 100 ml water diffuser | Tối đa 30 phút/lần. Không dùng trong phòng trẻ em hoặc phụ nữ có thai. Mùi nồng — bắt đầu với 1 giọt. Thông gió tốt. |
| Topical massage | 1% in carrier oil (1 ml EO per 100 ml carrier) | Chỉ người lớn khỏe mạnh, không mang thai. Patch test 24h trước (Opdyke 1973: nguy cơ mẫn cảm ở nồng độ cao). Tránh mặt, niêm mạc, da tổn thương. |
| Personal inhaler (dry) | 2-3 drops on cotton wick | Hít ngắn hạn dưới 10 phút. Không dùng trẻ em, phụ nữ có thai, người nhạy cảm estrogen hoặc tiền sử co giật. |
| Warm compress | 0.5% in warm water (1-2 drops per 400 ml, via cloth) | Chườm bụng hỗ trợ tiêu hóa. Chỉ người lớn. Không đắp trực tiếp lên da nhạy cảm hoặc vùng mặt. |
Dầu nền phù hợp
Sweet almond oilLight, non-comedogenic base suitable for 1% dilution massage; mild odour does not compete with anise's strong anetholic character.
Fractionated coconut oilOdourless and oxidatively stable; ideal for 1% topical blends requiring long shelf-life given anise's own moderate oxidation risk.
JojobaWax ester mimicking skin sebum; may slow transdermal penetration rate for a sensitisation-prone EO, reducing systemic estragole exposure.
Kết hợp tốt với
CitrusHerbaceousWoodyFloralSpicy
Blend kinh điển
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[Tisserand & Young] Ch.13 p.443
[Tabanca] aniseed GC composition [via B216]
[Opdyke] anise oil 2%/25 volunteers, mild sensitization at higher concentrations [via B216]
[Ch.14 Estragole profile] 1'-hydroxy-1'-sulfoxy CYP1A2 activation + hepatic genotoxicity [via B216]
[Ch.14 Methyl chavicol profile] genotoxic + carcinogenic (rat, mouse) [via B216]
[Ch.14 Anethole profile] phytoestrogen + (Z)-isomer toxicity [via B216]
[EU SCF 2001] estragole safety opinion (genotoxic carcinogen)
[EMA/HMPC 2014] community herbal monograph on aniseed (pregnancy CI, estragole flag)
[Albert-Puleo] anethole phytoestrogen mechanism
An Toàn
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Thai kỳ & Cho con bú
Tam cá nguyệt 1Unknown
Tam cá nguyệt 2Unknown
Tam cá nguyệt 3Unknown
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