Tổng Quan
- Danh pháp khoa học
- Dipteryx odorata (Aubl.) Willd.
- Họ thực vật
- Fabaceae (Leguminosae)
- Bộ phận dùng
- Dried seeds (tonka beans / tonquin beans)
- Phương pháp chiết xuất
- Solvent extraction (absolute)
- Màu sắc
- —
- Phân loại nốt hương
- Nốt Base
- Hương thơm
- —
- Chemotype / Cultivar
- —
Các quốc gia sản xuất chính
Tình trạng tại Việt Nam
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sweet-vanilla, new-mown-hay-coumarin-signature, warm-balsamic-tobacco, almond-amaretto-marzipan, dried-grass-meadow, slightly-spicy-cinnamon-trace, sweet-balsamic-soft, gourmand-confectionery, woody-tropical-amazonian, cuban-cigar-aroma-base
ngọt-vanilla, cỏ-mới-cắt-coumarin-đặc-trưng, ấm-balsamic-thuốc-lá, hạnh-nhân-amaretto-marzipan, cỏ-khô-đồng-cỏ, hơi-cay-quế, ngọt-balsamic-dịu, gourmand-bánh-kẹo, gỗ-nhiệt-đới-amazon, xì-gà-Cuba-base
2–4 giờ
Tên gọi tại Việt Nam
Pha Chế & Hòa Hợp
Coumarin (38.7–58.7%) provides a warm, sweet benzopyranone-lactone aroma widely associated in aromatherapy tradition with tension relief and nervous system calming via inhalation; no mechanistic RCT established for tonka absolute.
Ref: Traditional aromatherapy use; Tisserand & Young 2014 (B216, p.868–869)
Coumarin (38.7–58.7%) and ethyl melilotate (3.9–4.3%) combined produce an exceptionally tenacious sweet-hay-vanilla base note that anchors and extends other fragrance constituents in a blend.
Ref: Ehlers et al 1995; Tisserand & Young 2014 (B216, p.868–869)
The benzopyranone coumarin ring is documented to inhibit inflammatory pathways (COX/LOX) in pharmacological literature; this class property is NOT confirmed for tonka absolute by any in-vivo EO-level study.
Ref: class-extrapolation from coumarin pharmacology (Felter et al 2006; B216 Chapter 14 coumarin profile)
In humans, coumarin is glucuronidated via CYP2A6 rather than converted to hepatotoxic 3-hydroxycoumarin (rodent-dominant pathway); Felter 2006 documents anticarcinogenic potential in human cancer cell lines at class level — research-context only, NOT a therapeutic claim.
Ref: Felter et al 2006; B216 Chapter 14 coumarin profile
Coumarin class compounds have documented smooth-muscle relaxant properties in pharmacological assays; no direct clinical study on tonka absolute confirms this action at aromatherapy dilutions.
Ref: class-extrapolation from coumarin pharmacology; Tisserand & Young 2014 (B216, p.868–869)
AI-summary
Opdyke (1974) is the primary published clinical study: tonka absolute tested at 8% (double the framework 5% dermal cap) on 25 volunteers showed neither skin irritation nor sensitization, and was confirmed non-phototoxic (Food Cosmet Toxicol 12:1005–1006; acute oral LD50 rats 1.38 g/kg; acute dermal LD50 rabbits 1.26 g/kg). Floch et al (2002) and Vocanson et al (2006) established that pure coumarin is NOT a skin allergen, attributing historical sensitization reports to impure synthetic coumarin contaminants. Grote et al (1977) confirmed coumarin is NOT embryotoxic or teratogenic at 25 mg/kg in pigs. No RCT-grade evidence exists for therapeutic applications; B216 authors explicitly state they doubt tonka absolute is likely to be used medicinally. The full evidence base is safety-oriented, not efficacy-oriented. Oral use is capped at 71 mg/d adult via coumarin hepatotoxicity class (0.6 mg/kg/day), reinforced by FDA 1954 food-use prohibition for coumarin.
NarrativeTâm trạng: Calming, Grounding
Chakra
sacral
Ngũ hành
tho
| Phương pháp | Liều lượng | Ghi chú |
|---|---|---|
| Diffusion / inhalation | 2–4 drops in 100 ml water (ultrasonic); 1–2 drops on personal inhaler strip | Avoids cumulative dermal coumarin exposure; preferred route for calming use. Max 30–60 min diffusion; avoid infant rooms. Blends well with sandalwood, vetiver, and cedarwood base notes. |
| Topical massage (diluted) | 2.5–5% in carrier oil (framework cap; Opdyke 1974 clean at 8% / 25-volunteer panel) | 1–2% for sensitive adults or daily-use formulations. Coumarin NOT skin sensitizer (Floch 2002). Avoid concurrent anticoagulant therapy, liver disease; do not apply on children <2. |
| Perfumery blending | 0.5–5% in final formula; 1–3% as base-note fixative modifier | Primary commercial application as fixative and sweetening base note. FDA 1954 food-use prohibition applies to oral coumarin; topical fragrance use is distinct and unaffected. |
| Skincare formulation | 0.5–2% in facial serum, body lotion, or balm | Suited for dry and mature skin types. Avoid high-frequency full-body formulations accumulating dermal coumarin load. Patch test on hypersensitive or damaged skin. |
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