- Illicium verum J.D. Hook. (Illiciaceae / Schisandraceae), fruits (pericarp), steam distillation. "Star anise / Đại hồi / Hồi / 八角 Bā-jiǎo / Badian". Central spice of Chinese five-spice + Vietnamese phở. CRITICAL contamination rail: I. verum is regularly adulterated with the more neurotoxic Illicium anisatum (Japanese star anise / Shikimi) — multiple historical pediatric poisonings via contaminated star-anise infant tea. Shikimic acid precursor to oseltamivir (Tamiflu).
- Chemistry (Lawrence 1995g p.18, p.199) = (E)-anethole 71.2–91.8% + foeniculin 0.5–14.6% + estragole 0.3–6.6% + (+)-limonene 0.7–5.0% + linalool 0.4–2.3% + α-pinene tr–2.1% + β-caryophyllene 0.5–2.0% + safrole 0–0.1% + (Z)-anethole tr–0.4%. Very close in composition to [[anise]] (Pimpinella anisum) but with higher estragole ceiling (6.6% vs 4.0%) and trace safrole that true anise lacks.
- Hazards: Potentially carcinogenic (estragole 0.3–6.6% + trace safrole 0–0.1%); reproductive hormone modulation (estrogenic); may inhibit blood clotting (anethole antiplatelet). CI (all routes): pregnancy, breastfeeding, endometriosis, estrogen-dependent cancers, children under 5 years. Cautions (oral): diabetes medication, anticoagulant medication, major surgery, peptic ulcer, hemophilia, bleeding disorders. Cautions (dermal): avoid old/oxidized oils ((E)-anethole → anisaldehyde/anisic ketone sensitizers).
- Numeric caps (T&Y): Dermal EU 10% / IFRA 0.15% / T&Y 1.75% (driven by 6.6% estragole + 0.1% safrole, dermal 0.12% + 0.05% limits). Max adult oral 53 mg/day (estragole 0.05 mg/kg + safrole 0.025 mg/kg × 70 kg). Commission E Monograph 300 mg/day = "unsafe" per T&Y.
- Neurotoxicity case-report trap (CRITICAL disambiguation): Multiple historical infant seizure cases from star-anise tea are due to (a) sesquiterpene lactones (anisatin etc.) NOT IN THE EO, and (b) contamination with I. anisatum (more neurotoxic species). The EO itself is not directly responsible for those cases — BUT the contamination risk + carcinogen content = children under 5 CI. Opdyke 1975 p.715–716 — 4%/25 volunteers non-irritating/non-sensitizing; Rudzki & Grzywa 1976 — 5/100 dermatitis patients reacted to 1–2% (none to 0.5%) = moderate allergenic signal. Non-phototoxic.
Tổng Quan
- Danh pháp khoa học
- Illicium verum J.D. Hook.
- Họ thực vật
- Illiciaceae
- Bộ phận dùng
- —
- Phương pháp chiết xuất
- steam_distillation
- Màu sắc
- —
- Phân loại nốt hương
- Nốt Top/Middle
- Hương thơm
- —
- Chemotype / Cultivar
- —
Tình trạng tại Việt Nam
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Phân loại nốt
Top-Middle
Cường độ
4/5
Độ bền trên da
2–4 giờ
Họ hương
Licorice-sweet (iconic)
Hương đầu (Opening)(0–15 phút)
Darkly sweet licorice that hangs in the air, star-spice warmth radiating outward, heady anise with a faintly medicinal undercurrent, rich and enveloping oriental sweetness, persistent and almost narcotic in its depth
Hương giữa (Heart)(15–60 phút)
Ngọt hồi tối đậm treo mãi trong không khí, hơi ấm gia vị đại hồi tỏa ra từ trong ra ngoài, hương hồi nồng nàn phảng phất thuốc đông y, ngọt ngào phương Đông ấm áp bao phủ, chiều sâu mê hoặc khó tan
Hương nền (Drydown)(1–4 giờ)
2–4 giờ
Cường độ hương
4/5
Da khô
2/5
Da dầu/mụn
2/5
Da lão hóa
2/5
Da thường
3/5
Da nhạy cảm
1/5
Da hỗn hợp
2/5
Nhập khẩuImported
Tên gọi tại Việt Nam
Tinh dầu đại hồi (Star Anise)
Pha Chế & Hòa Hợp
carminative / digestive spasmolytic
(E)-anethole (≥80% of oil) relaxes gastrointestinal smooth muscle, reducing flatulence, bloating, and intestinal cramping via direct spasmolytic activity on visceral smooth muscle.
Ref: Blumenthal et al. (1998) Commission E [via Tisserand & Young 2014, Ch.13 p.445–446]; class-extrapolation from anise
expectorant / mucokinetic
(E)-anethole stimulates ciliary motility and promotes bronchial secretion clearance; Commission E approved anethole-dominant anise preparations for upper respiratory catarrh.
Ref: class-extrapolation from anise (Blumenthal et al. 1998 Commission E); Tisserand & Young 2014, Ch.13 p.445–446
phytoestrogenic (in vitro only)
(E)-anethole and its oligomeric metabolites bind estrogen receptors in vitro, mimicking weak estrogenic signaling; no confirmed clinical endocrine effect at topical aromatherapy doses.
Ref: Albert-Puleo (1980); Howes et al. (2002); Melzig et al. (2003) [via B216]; Türkyilmaz et al. (2008) class-extrapolation from fennel [via B216]
antiplatelet
(E)-anethole inhibits platelet aggregation in vitro, creating a clinically relevant drug interaction risk when combined with anticoagulant or antiplatelet medications.
Ref: Yoshioka & Tamada (2005) [via B216]
glucose absorption modulation
Anethole-dominant anise oil enhanced intestinal glucose absorption in isolated rat intestine; extrapolated to star anise via shared dominant constituent identity.
Ref: class-extrapolation from anise (Kreydiyyeh et al. 2003 [via B216])
hepatic glutathione S-transferase induction
Anethole-class oils induced hepatic GST in murine models, suggesting Phase II detoxification support; extrapolated from fennel to star anise via shared (E)-anethole dominance.
Ref: class-extrapolation from fennel (Lam & Zheng 1991 [via B216])
AI-summary
No RCT-grade aromatherapy clinical evidence for star anise EO was located. The strongest mechanistic evidence is from constituent pharmacology: (E)-anethole (≥80%) shows in vitro antiplatelet activity (Yoshioka & Tamada 2005) and estrogen receptor binding (Albert-Puleo 1980; Howes et al. 2002; Melzig et al. 2003). Fennel tea demonstrated human estrogenic effects (Türkyilmaz et al. 2008), but is a class extrapolation only. Commission E (Blumenthal et al. 1998) approved anise for digestive/respiratory use at 300 mg/day oral, but T&Y flag this dose as 'unsafe'. Safety data (Opdyke 1975; Rudzki & Grzywa 1976) inform the 1.75% adult dermal cap. Traditional carminative and expectorant use lacks controlled trial confirmation.
NarrativeTâm trạng: Uplifting, Grounding
comfortwarmthnostalgiavitalityfocusgrounding
Chakra
solar
Ngũ hành
tho
| Phương pháp | Liều lượng | Ghi chú |
|---|---|---|
| Diffusion | 2-3 drops in 100ml water or ultrasonic diffuser | Respiratory and digestive comfort. Limit to 30-minute sessions. Do not use in rooms with pregnant women, infants, or children under 12. Ventilate between sessions. |
| Topical massage | 0.5-1% in carrier oil (adult maximum: 1.75%) | Patch test 24h first (5/100 dermatitis patients reacted at 1-2%, Rudzki & Grzywa 1976). Clockwise abdominal massage for digestive use. Contraindicated in pregnancy and children under 12. Avoid face. |
| Steam inhalation | 1-2 drops in a bowl of hot water | Inhale with towel tent for 5-10 minutes for upper respiratory congestion. Keep eyes closed. Avoid in pregnancy. Not suitable for children under 12. Single session only. |
| Warm compress | 1% dilution in warm carrier oil (2-3 drops per 15ml) | Apply warmed carrier blend to a compress cloth; place on abdomen 10-15 minutes for digestive cramping. Do not apply undiluted. Contraindicated in pregnancy. |
Dầu nền phù hợp
Sweet almond oilMedium viscosity, neutral scent allows star anise's spicy-sweet aroma to express fully; ideal for abdominal massage blends targeting digestive applications.
Jojoba waxNon-comedogenic liquid wax with long shelf life; optimal for precise low-concentration dilutions (≤1%) required by the 1.75% adult dermal cap; oxidation-stable.
Fractionated coconut oilLightweight and odorless; does not interfere with star anise's aroma profile; rapid skin absorption well-suited for warm compress and short-contact massage applications.
Sesame oilTraditional in East Asian folk medicine alongside anise-family herbs; mild warming character complements star anise's spicy-sweet thermal profile in abdominal blends.
Kết hợp tốt với
CitrusWoodyResinousSpicy
Blend kinh điển
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[Tisserand & Young] Ch.13 p.445–446
[Lawrence] GC profile [via B216]
[Opdyke] 716 — 4%/25 volunteers non-irritating/non-sensitizing, non-phototoxic + LD50 rat oral 2.57 g/kg + rabbit dermal >5 g/kg [via B216]
[Rudzki & Grzywa] 100 dermatitis patients: 5/100 reacted at 1-2%, 0/100 at 0.5% [via B216]
[Kubeczka] adulteration with technical anethole + (Z)-anethole [via B216]
[Yoshioka & Tamada] (E)-anethole antiplatelet [via B216]
[Kreydiyyeh et al.] anise glucose absorption enhancement (extrapolation to star anise) [via B216]
[Albert-Puleo] anethole estrogenic in vitro [via B216]
[Türkyilmaz et al.] fennel tea estrogenic effects in humans [via B216]
[Marshall & Caldwell] (E)-anethole hepatotoxicity AE metabolite [via B216]
[Lam & Zheng] fennel glutathione S-transferase induction [via B216]
[IFRA] safrole + estragole regulatory caps [via B216]
[Blumenthal et al.] Commission E 300 mg/day "unsafe" per T&Y [via B216]
[Ize-Ludlow et al.] Chicago infant seizure cluster from contaminated star anise tea (referenced class) [via B216]
An Toàn
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Thai kỳ & Cho con bú
Tam cá nguyệt 1Unknown
Tam cá nguyệt 2Unknown
Tam cá nguyệt 3Unknown
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