Tổng Quan
- Danh pháp khoa học
- Rosa × damascena Mill.
- Họ thực vật
- Rosaceae
- Bộ phận dùng
- Flowers (fresh — must be distilled within hours of harvest at dawn for premium-grade)
- Phương pháp chiết xuất
- Steam distillation (yields rose otto + rose water by-product attar + rosewater)
- Màu sắc
- —
- Phân loại nốt hương
- Nốt Middle/Base
- Hương thơm
- —
- Chemotype / Cultivar
- bulgarian_or_turkish
Các quốc gia sản xuất chính
Tình trạng tại Việt Nam
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Deeply rosy, rich-sweet-floral, honey-warm, slight citrusy-citronellol-fresh top opening, warm-balsamic-base, classical Damask "rose otto" character, hint of fruity-pear (β-damascenone trace), lingering powdery-base; Bulgarian = more rounded-balanced; Turkish = more citronellol-fresh sharper opening
Hoa hồng đậm-đà, ngọt-hoa-phong-phú, mật-ngọt-ấm, mở đầu hơi citrus-tươi từ citronellol, base ấm-balsamic, đặc trưng rose otto Damask cổ điển, hương trái cây pear-nhẹ (β-damascenone trace), hương thầm-bột phía sau; Bulgarian = cân-bằng tròn-trĩnh; Turkish = mở đầu citronellol-tươi sắc-nét hơn
2–4 giờ
Tên gọi tại Việt Nam
Pha Chế & Hòa Hợp
Volatile trace markers β-damascenone, rose-oxide, and 2-phenylethanol activate olfactory-limbic projection pathways; citronellol exhibits class-documented CNS sedative activity supporting stress-relief and emotional regulation in aromatherapy practice.
Ref: Tisserand & Young 2014, Ch.13 (traditional aromatherapy use; no RCT located in §13 citations)
Combined monoterpene alcohol pool (citronellol + geraniol 30–70% of EO by chemotype) donates hydrogen to neutralize DPPH free radicals and reduces aldehyde/carboxylic-acid oxidative markers in standardized in-vitro assays.
Ref: Wei & Shibamoto 2007a
Bulgarian rose otto (oral 6-month rat model, sub-acute NOAEL 85 mg/kg) attenuated ethanol-induced hepatic enzyme elevation, indicating non-specific cytoprotective activity via multi-constituent antioxidant synergy.
Ref: Kirov et al 1988b; Kirov et al 1988a (NOAEL)
Rose otto shows IC₅₀ 0.04–0.07% cytotoxic activity against prostate, lung, and breast cancer cell lines; multi-constituent synergy including geraniol and citronellol attributed as active effectors at these concentrations.
Ref: Zu et al 2010
Geraniol (16–26% in Bulgarian CT) activates GSH-dependent antioxidant enzymes and modulates apoptosis in pre-malignant hepatocytes, reducing oxidative DNA damage in liver carcinogenesis induction models.
Ref: Ong et al 2006
Inhaled Turkish rose otto formulation mitigated formaldehyde-induced oxidative sperm parameter damage in a controlled rat inhalation model, attributed to constituent-level antioxidant activity.
Ref: Köse et al 2012
Low-sensitizing profile (0.4% positivity, n=1,483 patch-test cohort) combined with confirmed non-phototoxicity supports cosmetic incorporation for sensitive and mature skin formulations.
Ref: Sugiura et al 2000; Opdyke 1974; Opdyke 1975
Citronellol and geraniol (combined 30–70% of EO) are constituent-level bacterial membrane inhibitors; direct culture testing of rose otto as whole EO is absent from §13 citations — activity is inferred from constituent profiles.
Ref: class-extrapolation from geraniol + citronellol profiles (Tisserand & Young 2014, Ch.14)
AI-summary
Sugiura et al (2000) is the largest clinical dataset: patch-testing of 1,483 Japanese dermatology patients (1990–1998) showed 0.4% sensitization positivity for Bulgarian rose otto, establishing a low-sensitization clinical baseline. Kirov et al (1988b) demonstrated hepatoprotective activity in a 6-month oral rat model (sub-acute NOAEL 85 mg/kg from Kirov 1988a), with rose otto attenuating ethanol-induced hepatic enzyme elevation. Wei & Shibamoto (2007a) confirmed strong antioxidant activity via DPPH and aldehyde/carboxylic-acid assays. Zu et al (2010) reported cytotoxic activity against prostate, lung, and breast cancer cell lines (IC₅₀ 0.04–0.07%) — in-vitro only, not RCT-grade. No RCT-grade human trials for anxiolytic, antidepressant, or anti-inflammatory claims appear in §13; emotional-balance and stress-relief uses remain traditional aromatherapy consensus.
NarrativeTâm trạng: Calming, Uplifting
Chakra
heart
Ngũ hành
hoa
| Phương pháp | Liều lượng | Ghi chú |
|---|---|---|
| Diffusion (aromatic) | 2–3 drops in 100 ml water; 30-minute sessions | Supports emotional balance and mood; cool-mist ultrasonic diffuser preferred over heated — heat degrades trace markers β-damascenone and rose-oxide that define the rose character. |
| Topical massage | 0.5–0.6% in carrier oil (T&Y adult max) | Warm oil briefly if semi-solid below ~22 °C (alkane cluster solidification); EU/IFRA commercial compliance requires 0.006–0.012% due to methyleugenol carcinogen-class cap. |
| Facial skincare | 0.3–0.5% in facial carrier oil | Ideal for mature, dry, and sensitive skin; pair with rosehip seed or argan for anti-aging synergy; five EU-26 declared allergens — patch-test advised for atopic individuals. |
| Direct inhalation | 1–2 drops on tissue or cotton pad | Brief inhalation (3–5 breaths) for acute emotional support; use sealed personal inhaler to conserve — rose otto is among the most expensive natural EOs commercially. |
| Aromatic bath | 3–5 drops pre-blended in 1 tbsp carrier or bath salts | Never add neat to bathwater; disperse in salt or carrier first; brief soak 15–20 min; avoid in cases of atopic eczema or known Rosaceae-family skin allergy. |
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An Toàn
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Thai kỳ & Cho con bú
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