Tổng Quan
- Danh pháp khoa học
- Pinus nigra J. F. X Arnold
- Họ thực vật
- Pinaceae
- Bộ phận dùng
- Needles (leaves) — fresh or partially-dried, harvested year-round but premium grade autumn/winter
- Phương pháp chiết xuất
- Steam distillation
- Màu sắc
- —
- Phân loại nốt hương
- Nốt Top
- Hương thơm
- —
- Chemotype / Cultivar
- —
Các quốc gia sản xuất chính
Tình trạng tại Việt Nam
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Fresh-coniferous-piney, classical-pine-needle-aromatic, slightly-balsamic-resinous undertone via β-caryophyllene + δ-cadinene sesquiterpene-base, fresh-green-camphoraceous via α-pinene + β-pinene + tricyclene, mild-citrus-lemony top via (+)-limonene + (E)-3,7-dimethylocta-1,3,6-triene traces, distinctive-wood-aromatic depth via 1-epibicyclosesquiphellandrene rare-class sesquiterpene-DOMINANT, classical European-Mediterranean-pine-forest atmospheric character, fresh-Christmas-tree-evergreen quality, top-note position with mild-balsamic-undertone
Tươi mát coniferous như thông, đặc trưng aromatic lá kim cổ điển, hậu balsamic-resinous nhẹ từ β-caryophyllene + δ-cadinene sesquiterpene-đáy, xanh tươi camphoraceous nhẹ từ α-pinene + β-pinene + tricyclene, đầu hương cam chanh nhẹ từ (+)-limonene + (E)-3,7-dimethylocta-1,3,6-triene traces, độ sâu gỗ aromatic đặc trưng từ 1-epibicyclosesquiphellandrene rare-class sesquiterpene-DOMINANT, đặc trưng atmospheric rừng thông châu Âu-Địa Trung Hải cổ điển, chất lượng tươi-Christmas-tree-evergreen, vị trí nốt đầu với hậu balsamic nhẹ
2–4 giờ
Tên gọi tại Việt Nam
Pha Chế & Hòa Hợp
α-Pinene (11.5–35.1%) promotes bronchial mucus clearance via mucociliary mechanism shared across Pinaceae needle EOs; vapour inhalation delivers the constituent directly to upper and lower respiratory epithelium.
Ref: class-extrapolation from Pinaceae fir-needle and spruce-needle EO class; B216 α-Pinene profile Chapter 14; Tisserand & Young 2014, Ch.13 p.768
β-Caryophyllene (5.3–11.8%) acts as a selective CB2 cannabinoid receptor agonist, suppressing NF-κB-mediated pro-inflammatory cytokine release and offering peripheral analgesic support in diluted topical application.
Ref: B216 β-Caryophyllene profile Chapter 14; B216 α-Caryophyllene profile Chapter 14
α-Pinene disrupts microbial membrane integrity; autoxidation products (pin-2,10-diol, verbenol) generated from improperly stored oil add surface-active antiseptic character, underscoring why fresh oil is essential clinically.
Ref: class-extrapolation from α-pinene-dominant Pinaceae EOs; B216 α-Pinene profile Chapter 14
β-Caryophyllene, α-Caryophyllene, and trace (+)-Limonene each show anticarcinogenic activity in cell-line and animal models per B216 Ch.14; no clinical oncology evidence for intact pine black EO exists.
Ref: B216 β-Caryophyllene, α-Caryophyllene, and (+)-Limonene profiles Chapter 14
Sesquiterpene-dominant profile (1-epibicyclosesquiphellandrene 23.4–36.8% + β-caryophyllene) generates a deep, earthy forest note supporting conifer energetics of mental clarity and resilience via limbic olfactory pathways.
Ref: Mojay 1996 coniferous wood energetics framework; Tisserand & Young 2014, Ch.13 p.768
β-Caryophyllene CB2 agonism modulates peripheral nociceptive signalling; synergistic with the mild counter-irritant warmth generated by α-pinene on skin in diluted massage blends for muscle ache relief.
Ref: B216 β-Caryophyllene profile Chapter 14; class-extrapolation from conifer-needle EO analgesic traditional use
AI-summary
No RCT-grade evidence specific to Pinus nigra EO has been located. Primary human safety data: Letizia et al (2000, p.S177–S179) found pine black EO non-irritating and non-sensitizing in 25 volunteers tested at 12% (patch test); non-phototoxic confirmed; acute LD₅₀ >5 g/kg oral (rats) and dermal (rabbits). Sensitization class-rail: Frosch et al (2002b) and Paulsen & Andersen (2005) found low-frequency sensitization from dwarf pine (P. mugo) in dermatitis patient cohorts (12/1606 and 2/318 respectively), attributed to oxidised α-pinene products — informing MANDATORY peroxide-control storage for all Pinaceae needle EOs (SCCNFP 2001a; IFRA 2009). Therapeutic actions rely on constituent-class extrapolation from B216 Ch.14 profiles (α-pinene, β-caryophyllene) rather than controlled clinical trials on pine black itself.
NarrativeTâm trạng: Grounding, Stimulating
Chakra
root
Ngũ hành
kim
| Phương pháp | Liều lượng | Ghi chú |
|---|---|---|
| Diffusion | 3–5 drops in 100 ml water (ultrasonic); 3–4 drops in nebulising diffuser | Respiratory and mood support. Use fresh oil only. Limit to 30–60 min sessions; ventilate between. Avoid prolonged exposure in enclosed spaces with asthmatic or sensitive individuals. |
| Steam inhalation | 2–3 drops in bowl of steaming water | Cover with towel; inhale 5–10 min. Effective for upper respiratory congestion. Not for children under 5 (α-pinene inhalation caution; Melis 1989 class-rail). |
| Topical massage | 1–2% dilution in carrier oil (adult); 0.5–1% elderly or sensitive skin | Blend with jojoba or fractionated coconut for musculoskeletal or chest-rub use. Fresh oil within 12 months only. Discard if yellowing or acrid odour detected (oxidation). Do NOT use undiluted. |
| Bath | 4–6 drops pre-dispersed in 1 tsp full-fat milk or unscented bath gel | Pre-disperse in emulsifier before adding to bath to prevent undiluted dermal or mucosal contact. Add after tub is full. Discard if oil is past shelf life or improperly stored. |
| Room spray | 8–10 drops in 100 ml distilled water with 5 ml ethanol solubiliser | Shake thoroughly before each use. Air-freshening forest atmosphere effect. Use within 2–4 weeks of preparation. Alternative to diffusion for targeted area use. |
Dầu nền phù hợp
Kết hợp tốt với
Blend kinh điển
An Toàn
Giới hạn da tối đa
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Giới hạn IFRA
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Thai kỳ & Cho con bú
Giới hạn độ tuổi
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