- Cymbopogon martinii (Roxb.) W. Watson var. motia (syn. var. martinii), Poaceae (Gramineae). Source: leaves; steam distillation. "Palmarosa / Motia / Rosha grass / Sả hoa hồng". A geraniol-dominant (74–81%) Cymbopogon species — despite the "palma-rosa" trade name the plant is a grass, not a rose. Closest relatives [[african-bluegrass]] (C. validus) + lemongrass (C. flexuosus / C. citratus).
- Variety rail (CRITICAL): C. martinii has TWO varieties — var. motia (this page — geraniol-dominant, "Motia" trade name) and var. sofia ("Sofia" trade name, different chemistry — linalool-heavier). They are NOT interchangeable in perfumery. If in doubt, assume motia (the commercially dominant variety). The palmarosa wiki slug references motia as canonical; sofia is a separate future slug.
- Chemistry (Lawrence 2002a — var. motia): Geraniol 74.5–81.0% + Geranyl acetate 0.5–10.7% + (E,Z)-Farnesol 0.5–6.1% + Linalool 2.6–4.5% + (E)-β-Ocimene 1.3–3.1% + β-Caryophyllene 0.9–2.6% + Geranial 0.5–1.9% + Caryophyllene oxide 0.1–1.8% + β-Myrcene 0.6–1.3% + Elemol 0.2–1.0% + (Z,Z)-Farnesol 0.1–1.0%. Geraniol-dominant (≈75-81%).
- Hazards: Drug interaction; skin sensitization (low risk). Cautions (oral): Drugs metabolized by CYP2B6 (citral + geraniol both inhibit CYP2B6 per T&Y Table 4.11B). Max dermal 6.5% (T&Y) — based on 81% geraniol × 5.3% dermal limit for geraniol (Ch.14 Geraniol profile). GRAS. No pregnancy/lactation/children CI.
- Anticarcinogenic-by-constituent rail: Geraniol + farnesol + β-caryophyllene + geranial all display anticarcinogenic activity per Ch.14 profiles. They together constitute ~85% of palmarosa oil, making it "very likely to possess anticarcinogenic activity". No known carcinogens in the oil.
Tổng Quan
- Danh pháp khoa học
- Cymbopogon martinii (Roxb.) W. Watson var. motia
- Họ thực vật
- Poaceae
- Bộ phận dùng
- —
- Phương pháp chiết xuất
- steam_distillation
- Màu sắc
- —
- Phân loại nốt hương
- Nốt Middle
- Hương thơm
- —
- Chemotype / Cultivar
- —
Tình trạng tại Việt Nam
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Phân loại nốt
Middle
Cường độ
3/5
Độ bền trên da
2–4 giờ
Họ hương
Floral-rosy
Hương đầu (Opening)(0–15 phút)
Soft rosy warmth without heaviness, fresh meadow-grass edge beneath the petals, luminous sweet florals, gently herbaceous and airy, clean with a lingering delicate glow
Hương giữa (Heart)(15–60 phút)
Ấm dịu tựa hoa hồng không nặng nề, xanh mướt cỏ đồng thấp thoáng dưới lớp hoa, ngọt ngào rực rỡ và thanh thoát, thảo mộc nhẹ nhàng như gió thoảng, trong sáng với dư âm tinh tế
Hương nền (Drydown)(1–4 giờ)
2–4 giờ
Cường độ hương
3/5
Da khô
4/5
Da dầu/mụn
5/5
Da lão hóa
5/5
Da thường
4/5
Da nhạy cảm
3/5
Da hỗn hợp
5/5
Nhập khẩuImported
Tên gọi tại Việt Nam
Tinh dầu Palmarosa (Sả hoa hồng)
Pha Chế & Hòa Hợp
Antimicrobial — broad-spectrum
Geraniol (dominant constituent ~75–90%) disrupts microbial cell membrane integrity, conferring antibacterial and antifungal activity against both Gram-positive bacteria and Candida species.
Ref: Tisserand & Young 2014, Ch.13 p.743–744; class-extrapolation from geraniol (Ch.14 Geraniol profile [via B216])
Anticarcinogenic — constituent-class
Four constituents — geraniol, farnesol, β-caryophyllene, and geranial — each carry anticarcinogenic designations in B216 Ch.14, likely via apoptosis induction and tumour-cell proliferation inhibition in vitro.
Ref: Ch.14 Geraniol + Farnesol + β-Caryophyllene + Geranial profiles — anticarcinogenic activity [via B216]
Skin-regenerative / cicatrisant
Geraniol and geranyl acetate promote keratinocyte activity and extracellular matrix regeneration, supporting wound healing and scar reduction in topical applications.
Ref: Tisserand & Young 2014, Ch.13 p.743–744; class-extrapolation from geraniol (Ch.14 Geraniol profile [via B216])
Sebum-regulating
High geraniol content is proposed to normalise sebaceous gland secretion, making the oil beneficial for oily and combination skin types in topical formulations.
Ref: Tisserand & Young 2014, Ch.13 p.743–744
Anxiolytic / nervous system tonic
Geraniol modulates GABA-A receptor activity in rodent models, producing anxiolytic and mild sedative effects at inhalation doses; farnesol may contribute via additional neuroactive pathways.
Ref: class-extrapolation from geraniol (Ch.14 Geraniol profile [via B216]); Tisserand & Young 2014, Ch.13
Anti-inflammatory
β-Caryophyllene acts as a selective CB2 receptor agonist, reducing NF-κB-driven pro-inflammatory cytokine release in connective and cutaneous tissue.
Ref: class-extrapolation from β-Caryophyllene (Ch.14 β-Caryophyllene profile [via B216])
AI-summary
No RCT-grade clinical evidence for palmarosa as a whole oil has been located in the available citations. Safety patch-testing by Opdyke (1974) on 25 volunteers at 8% demonstrated non-irritating, non-sensitising, and non-phototoxic status; murine LLNA by Lalko & Api (2006) classified palmarosa as a weak sensitiser. Constituent-class mechanistic support exists for geraniol (anticarcinogenic, antimicrobial, CYP2B6 inhibition), farnesol, β-caryophyllene, and geranial (all carrying anticarcinogenic designations per B216 Ch.14). CYP2B6 inhibition via geraniol and citral is noted (T&Y Ch.14 Table 4.11B), relevant for co-administration with bupropion, efavirenz, cyclophosphamide, or ketamine.
NarrativeTâm trạng: Balancing, Uplifting
anxietyself-loveemotional balanceopennesstendernessrenewal
Chakra
heart
Ngũ hành
hoa
| Phương pháp | Liều lượng | Ghi chú |
|---|---|---|
| Diffusion | 3–5 drops per 100 ml water | Suitable for emotional uplift, nervous system toning, and ambient antimicrobial effect. 30–60 min sessions; well-tolerated at standard diffuser concentrations. |
| Topical massage | 1–3% in carrier oil (max 6.5%) | Preferred for body and circulatory blends. Use light carrier (jojoba, sweet almond). Patch-test recommended given LLNA weak sensitiser classification (Lalko & Api 2006). |
| Skincare blend | 0.5–2% in lotion, serum, or carrier oil | Optimal for sebum-balancing and skin-regenerative use. Formulate up to 6.5% max dermal; lower concentrations preferred for daily facial products to reduce sensitisation risk. |
| Bath | 4–6 drops dispersed in 1 tsp carrier oil | Dilute fully in carrier before adding to warm (not hot) bath water. Promotes relaxation and skin-conditioning benefit. |
| Inhalation (direct / steam) | 1–2 drops on cloth or 3–4 drops in bowl of hot water | Steam inhalation supports emotional calming. Brief 5–10 min sessions; avoid prolonged closed-cup steam inhalation for young children. |
Dầu nền phù hợp
JojobaNon-comedogenic liquid wax that closely mimics sebum; ideal synergy with palmarosa's sebum-regulating action for oily and combination skin.
Rosehip seed oilHigh linoleic acid and natural retinoids support skin regeneration, pairing well with palmarosa's cicatrisant properties for mature or scarred skin.
Sweet almond oilLight, non-irritating carrier with balanced oleic/linoleic ratio; safe general-purpose base for massage and topical blends across all skin types.
Fractionated coconut oilOdourless and highly stable; preserves palmarosa's delicate rosy character without aromatic competition; ideal for perfumery-oriented skincare.
Kết hợp tốt với
FloralCitrusWoodyHerbaceousGreen
Blend kinh điển
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[Tisserand & Young] Ch.13 p.743–744
[Lawrence] 57 — GC composition [via B216]
[Opdyke] 8%/25 non-irritating/non-sensitizing/non-phototoxic; LD50 rat >5 g/kg; dermal rabbit >5 g/kg [via B216]
[Lalko & Api] mouse LLNA weak sensitizer [via B216]
[Burfield] adulteration with synthetic geraniol [via B216]
[Ch.14 Geraniol profile] 5.3% dermal limit; CYP2B6 inhibition; anticarcinogenic [via B216]
[Ch.14 Citral profile] CYP2B6 inhibition Table 4.11B [via B216]
[Ch.14 Farnesol + β-Caryophyllene + Geranial profiles] anticarcinogenic activity [via B216]
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