Nagarmotha / cypriol / cyperus essential oil (Cyperus mitis Seud., synonym Cyperus scariosus R. Br., Cyperaceae — sedge family per APG-IV; CRITICAL B216 family typo rail: B216 EXPLICIT verbatim p.715 lists "Family: Cupressaceae" but Cyperus genus is taxonomically placed in Cyperaceae family — NOT Cupressaceae which is the conifer/cypress family; this is a homophone-driven typo (Cyperaceae ↔ Cupressaceae visually similar but botanically distinct order Poales sedges vs order Pinales conifers); B216 family designation is an error — flag WIKI_WEB_CONFLICT:plant_family) is a cyperene-DOMINANT rhizome-distilled sesquiterpene-rich EO with B216-T&Y "None known × 2" hazard signature + TRIPLE-data-gap rail (no information found for nagarmotha oil OR most of its constituents — class-shared with [[muhuhu]] EO772 26a triple-data-gap profile + many Cyperaceae-rare-aromatic-singletons). B216 Ch.13 p.715 cites Garg et al 1989 + Vaze 2003 chemistry: Cyperene 15.8–24.4% (major-dominant — sesquiterpene unique to Cyperus genus, GENUS-NAMED chemotaxonomic marker) + Isopatchoulenone 2.3–16.5% (secondary — patchouli-class ketone) + Corymbolone 3.2–11.9% (tertiary) + Patchoulenone 0.8–7.6% + Isopatchoul-3-ene 2.3–7.5% + Rotundone 3.5–5.1% (peppery-aromatic-marker — same compound as black-pepper signature) + Rotundene 0–4.8% + Patchouli alcohol < 3.5% + α-Copaene < 3.2% + β-Selinene 2.2–3.0% + Agarol 1.2–2.5% + Patchoulanol 0–2.2% + Calamenol < 2.1% + Isopatchouli-3,5-diene 0–2.0% + Rotundenol 0.9–1.9% + ar-Himachalene < 1.9% + 3,4,5-Trimethoxybenzaldehyde 0–1.9% + Cyperolone < 1.6% + Myrtenol 0–1.5% + Valencene < 1.4% + δ-Cadinene < 1.3% + α-Selinene < 1.3% + (Z)-Pinocarveol 0–1.0%. Hazard signature B216 EXPLICIT verbatim: "Hazards: None known. Contraindications: None known." Adverse-skin-reactions data-gap rail B216 EXPLICIT verbatim: "No information found for nagarmotha oil or most of its constituents." Acute-toxicity-data-gap rail B216 EXPLICIT verbatim: "No information found for nagarmotha oil or most of its constituents." Carcinogenic-clean-rail B216 EXPLICIT verbatim: "No information found for nagarmotha oil, but it contains no known carcinogens." Comments + commercial-niche rail B216 EXPLICIT verbatim: "Limited availability." Cyperene-DOMINANT chemotaxonomic-marker class-rail: cyperene is a sesquiterpene NAMED AFTER Cyperus GENUS — chemotaxonomic-class authentication anchor unique to Cyperus spp; class-shared with other genus-named-sesquiterpenoid-marker rails ([[muhuhu]] EO772 brachyl oxide Brachylaena + [[gurjun]] EO738 α-gurjunene Dipterocarpus + [[guaiacwood]] EO737 guaiol Guaiacum + cedarwood cedrol Cedrus). Patchouli-class secondary chemistry rail: isopatchoulenone 2.3–16.5% + patchoulenone 0.8–7.6% + isopatchoul-3-ene 2.3–7.5% + patchouli alcohol <3.5% + patchoulanol 0–2.2% + isopatchouli-3,5-diene 0–2.0% combined ~10–35% — class-shared with [[patchouli]] EO072 19a Phase 2 Gate Test pilot + class-distinct from typical wood-EOs; explains nagarmotha's "patchouli-adjacent" perfumery niche. Rotundone signature rail: rotundone 3.5–5.1% + rotundene 0–4.8% + rotundenol 0.9–1.9% — rotundone is the black-pepper signature compound (Wood et al 2008) responsible for "peppery" wine flavor in Shiraz + spicy character in pepper oils; class-shared with [[pepper-black]] EO037 + [[pepper-sichuan]] EO058 + [[pepper-white]] + grape Shiraz wine + many spice oils. 3,4,5-Trimethoxybenzaldehyde 0–1.9% trace marker — aromatic-aldehyde-trimethoxy-class chemotype-marker rare in EOs. Indian Ayurvedic + Indian-perfumery heritage rail: C. scariosus is the canonical "nagarmotha" of Indian Ayurvedic medicine + Indian classical perfumery (cypriol/musta-tila in Sanskrit); centuries-traditional PLANT use as Ayurvedic dravya (substance) for digestive + women's-reproductive + fever applications; modern EO commercial production limited. Cyperaceae-FAMILY-aromatic-rare rail: Cyperaceae sedge family ~5,500 species worldwide (3rd-largest monocot family) but very few aromatic-EO-producing genera; Cyperus is the primary aromatic-EO genus in Cyperaceae (with C. esculentus "tigernut" rhizome trace EO + C. articulatus "adrue" rhizome EO + C. rotundus "purple nutsedge" rhizome EO as cousin species); class-rare-aromatic family in Poales monocot order. Cyperus-genus-cross-species-disambiguation rail: C. mitis = C. scariosus (this oil — nagarmotha) vs C. articulatus (adrue, B216 p.399, separate entry) vs C. rotundus (purple nutsedge, B216 p.366 + p.1451 separate entry) — same-genus 3+ commercial EOs with different chemistry profiles. Continues Mini-Batch 26b CLOSING after myrtle-bog OPENING + myrtle-lemon MIDDLE.
Tổng Quan
- Danh pháp khoa học
- Cyperus mitis Seud.
- Họ thực vật
- Cyperaceae
- Bộ phận dùng
- Dried rhizomes
- Phương pháp chiết xuất
- steam_distillation
- Màu sắc
- —
- Phân loại nốt hương
- Nốt Base
- Hương thơm
- —
- Chemotype / Cultivar
- —
Các quốc gia sản xuất chính
Tình trạng tại Việt Nam
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Woody-earthy, cyperene-DOMINANT, patchouli-adjacent, rotundone-peppery-spicy, soft-balsamic, rich-rhizome, agarwood-undertone, Indian-classical-perfumery, Cyperus scariosus nagarmotha, sesquiterpene-DOMINANT-rhizome class
Hương gỗ-đất, cyperene chiếm ưu thế, gần patchouli, rotundone tiêu cay, balsamic dịu, rễ củ phong phú, vương vấn trầm hương, hương Ấn Độ cổ điển, đặc trưng Cyperus scariosus nagarmotha, lớp rễ củ sesquiterpene chiếm ưu thế
2–4 giờ
Tên gọi tại Việt Nam
Pha Chế & Hòa Hợp
High sesquiterpene content (cyperene + patchouli-class compounds, 70–80% combined) imparts deep earthy-woody olfaction empirically linked to grounding and nervous system settling in traditional aromatherapy.
Ref: class-extrapolation from patchouli (B216 Ch.14 Patchouli alcohol + Patchoulenone profiles); Tisserand & Young 2014, Ch.13 p.715
Nagarmotha rhizome (musta/mustaka) documented in Charaka Samhita and Sushruta Samhita as digestive tonic and carminative; evidence is for the PLANT (decoction/churna), not the concentrated EO.
Ref: Charaka Samhita + Sushruta Samhita + Bhava Prakasha (PLANT-use heritage); EO data gap per Tisserand & Young 2014, Ch.13 p.715
Classical Ayurveda classifies musta/mustaka as pittashamaka (heat-pacifying), used in fever management via decoction; PLANT-use basis only — EO-specific efficacy not independently confirmed.
Ref: Charaka Samhita + Bhava Prakasha (PLANT use only); EO data gap per Tisserand & Young 2014, Ch.13 p.715
Patchouli alcohol and isopatchoulenone (secondary sesquiterpene-alcohol constituents) have demonstrated anti-inflammatory activity in patchouli research; no nagarmotha-specific bioactivity studies exist.
Ref: class-extrapolation from patchouli (B216 Ch.14 Patchouli alcohol + Patchoulenone profiles); no nagarmotha-specific evidence found
Cyperene and dense sesquiterpene-alcohol profile (rotundone, patchouli-class compounds) provide excellent fixative tenacity; nagarmotha is a cornerstone of Indian classical attar, co-distilled into sandalwood base.
Ref: Tisserand & Young 2014, Ch.13 p.715; Charaka Samhita + Bhava Prakasha (Indian classical attar tradition heritage)
Sushruta Samhita and classical Ayurvedic texts document mustaka PLANT use for urinary tract and fluid-balance support; evidence is from rhizome decoctions, not the concentrated EO.
Ref: Sushruta Samhita + Charaka Samhita (PLANT use); EO data gap per Tisserand & Young 2014, Ch.13 p.715
AI-summary
No RCT-grade or controlled clinical evidence exists for nagarmotha EO (Cyperus mitis). Tisserand & Young (B216, Ch.13 p.715) confirm a triple data-gap: no information found for nagarmotha oil or most of its constituents regarding skin sensitization, acute toxicity, or carcinogenicity. The traditional evidence base (Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, Bhava Prakasha) addresses the PLANT (rhizome decoctions, churna) for digestive, febrile, and urinary conditions in Ayurveda — not the concentrated EO. Chemistry studies (Garg et al 1989; Vaze 2003) document the sesquiterpene profile without bioactivity data. Class-extrapolation from patchouli alcohol research is the strongest indirect support for anti-inflammatory properties.
NarrativeTâm trạng: Grounding, Balancing
Chakra
root
Ngũ hành
tho
| Phương pháp | Liều lượng | Ghi chú |
|---|---|---|
| Diffusion | 3-5 drops per 100ml water in ultrasonic diffuser | Diffuse 30-60 min intervals; pairs with sandalwood, vetiver, or rose for Indian-inspired blends. Well-tolerated aromatically; no inhalation restrictions per T&Y. |
| Topical massage | 0.5-2% in carrier oil (max 5% adult dermal) | Triple data-gap warrants patch test; use 0.5-1% for sensitive skin. Blend in jojoba or sweet almond. No formal pregnancy CI but limit to 1% precautionary in first trimester. |
| Skincare blend | 0.5-1% in cream, lotion, or serum | Potential benefit for mature or congested skin via patchouli-class secondary chemistry (class-extrapolation only). Patch test essential; no phototoxicity concern per T&Y. |
| Inhalation (direct) | 1-2 drops on tissue or personal inhaler | Short inhalation for grounding and centering; Ayurvedic aromatherapy heritage. No children-face restriction (cineole negligible); avoid enclosed spaces with infants. |
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