Mullilam essential oil (Zanthoxylum rhetsa (Roxb.) DC, Rutaceae = rue/citrus family) is a sabinene-EXTREME-DOMINANT 66.3% bicyclic-monoterpene-CT-class fruit-pod-distilled EO with CLEAN B216-T&Y "None known × 2" hazard signature + CRITICAL Rutaceae-non-citrus-NON-PHOTOTOXIC rail (B216 EXPLICIT silence on phototoxicity; no furanocoumarins reported in Shafi 2000 chemistry profile because dried fruit pods of Zanthoxylum genus produce sabinene-DOMINANT volatile fraction class-distinct from furanocoumarin-rich citrus-peel-EO class). B216 Ch.13 p.705 cites Shafi 2000 chemistry: Sabinene 66.3% (EXTREME-DOMINANT) + α-Pinene 6.6% (secondary) + β-Pinene 6.4% (tertiary) + Terpinen-4-ol 3.5% + Decanal 2.3% + β-Myrcene 1.4% + β-Phellandrene 1.4% + α-Terpineol 1.3% + Linalool 1.2% + γ-Terpinene 1.0%. Hazard signature B216 EXPLICIT verbatim: "Hazards: None known. Contraindications: None known." Adverse-skin-reactions data-gap rail B216 EXPLICIT verbatim: "No information found for mullilam oil or sabinene." Reproductive-toxicity-LOW-class-rail B216 EXPLICIT verbatim: "The low reproductive toxicity of sabinene, α-pinene and β-pinene (see Constituent profiles, Chapter 14) suggests that no mullilam oil is not hazardous in pregnancy." Acute-toxicity-data-gap rail B216 EXPLICIT verbatim: "No information found for mullilam oil or sabinene." Carcinogenic-clean-rail B216 EXPLICIT verbatim: "No information was found for mullilam oil, but it contains no known carcinogens." Comments + commercial-niche rail B216 EXPLICIT verbatim: "Limited availability." → CRITICAL Rutaceae-NON-CITRUS-non-phototoxic-class-rail = Zanthoxylum-genus fruit-pod-EO chemistry distinct from Citrus-genus peel-EO class (citrus-EOs typically furanocoumarin-rich + phototoxic — bergamot-expressed/lemon-expressed/grapefruit-expressed/lime-expressed); Zanthoxylum fruit pods produce sabinene-DOMINANT clean-monoterpene-hydrocarbon volatile fraction without furanocoumarin-class concern; class-shared with [[mastic]] EO767 25a (also Anacardiaceae non-citrus α-pinene 58.8-78.6% extreme + clean phototoxicity) + non-furocoumarin-rich Rutaceae niche EOs class. Sabinene-EXTREME-DOMINANT 66.3% + α-pinene + β-pinene combined 79.3% bicyclic-monoterpene-class → class-rail with [[combava-leaf]] EO709 16c sabinene + [[hemp]] EO739 21a β-myrcene latent-oxidation + Pinaceae conifer-needle EOs ([[fir-douglas]] EO719 + [[fir-cones-silver]] EO720 + [[fir-needle-canadian/himalayan/japanese/siberian/silver]] EO721-725 + [[larch-needle]] EO756 23b + [[hemp]] EO739 + [[longoza]] EO761 24a + [[kanuka]] EO749 22b α-pinene 55.5%) = monoterpene-DOMINANT-clean-class peer cluster. Reproductive-toxicity-LOW-class-anchor rail B216 EXPLICIT anchors clean-pregnancy-class via T&Y Ch.14 sabinene + α-pinene + β-pinene profiles all confirmed LOW reproductive toxicity → "not hazardous in pregnancy" B216 EXPLICIT verbatim distinct from data-gap-only-precaution class. Cross-genus-species-disambiguation CRITICAL Zanthoxylum rhetsa (this oil — mullilam + Salai synonym + Indian dried fruit pods + sabinene-66.3%-EXTREME) ≠ [[sichuan-pepper]] EO058 (Zanthoxylum simulans / bungeanum — Sichuan-province China + dried fruit + linalool-DOMINANT chemotype distinct) ≠ Japanese-pepper Zanthoxylum piperitum (sansho — Japanese culinary) ≠ [[zanthoxylum-rubescens]] (African yellow-flame Zanthoxylum) ≠ many Asian + African + American Zanthoxylum species each with distinct chemotype profiles. Indian "Salai" synonym ambiguity rail — B216 EXPLICIT lists Salai as synonym for Z. rhetsa mullilam; HOWEVER "Salai" is also widely used in Indian Ayurveda for Boswellia serrata (Indian frankincense) — vernacular name-collision class-rail (similar to "lemon balm" E. staigeriana vs Melissa officinalis B216 cross-pattern). Geographic-class peer rail: Indian native Western Ghats + Eastern Ghats + tropical Indian range — distinct from East-Asian Z. simulans/bungeanum/piperitum + African Z. rubescens + American Z. clava-herculis. Continues Mini-Batch 26a heterogeneity-progression (clean Asteraceae-tree-α-amorphene-sesquiterpene-DOMINANT [[muhuhu]] EO772 → clean Rutaceae-non-citrus-fruit-pods-sabinene-EXTREME-DOMINANT [this oil] → CONTRAINDICATED-ALL-ROUTES Brassicaceae-seeds-allyl-isothiocyanate-IFRA-EU-prohibited [[mustard]] EO774).
Tổng Quan
- Danh pháp khoa học
- Zanthoxylum rhetsa (Roxb.) DC
- Họ thực vật
- Rutaceae
- Bộ phận dùng
- Dried fruit pods
- Phương pháp chiết xuất
- steam_distillation
- Màu sắc
- —
- Phân loại nốt hương
- Nốt Top
- Hương thơm
- —
- Chemotype / Cultivar
- —
Các quốc gia sản xuất chính
Tình trạng tại Việt Nam
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Fresh-spicy-woody-peppery, sabinene-EXTREME-DOMINANT, fresh-pine-coniferous-secondary, fresh-citrus-fatty-decanal-undertone, soft-tea-tree-medicinal-terpinen-4-ol-tertiary, Indian-Western-Ghats-native, Zanthoxylum rhetsa clean-non-citrus-Rutaceae-class
Tươi mát cay gỗ tiêu, sabinene chiếm ưu thế cực cao, hương thông tươi phụ tầng, hương cam béo decanal phụ tầng, dược liệu trà dịu phụ tầng terpinen-4-ol, đặc trưng bản địa Western Ghats Ấn Độ, chemotype sạch Zanthoxylum rhetsa họ Rutaceae không phải chi citrus
2–4 giờ
Tên gọi tại Việt Nam
Pha Chế & Hòa Hợp
Sabinene (66.3%) and co-dominant α-/β-pinene (~13%) disrupt microbial cell membranes; bicyclic monoterpene hydrocarbons exhibit in-vitro activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms consistent with the sabinane-skeleton class.
Ref: class-extrapolation from B216 Ch.14 sabinene, α-pinene, and β-pinene profiles; Tisserand & Young 2014, Ch.13 p.705
Sabinene-dominant monoterpene fraction modulates pro-inflammatory eicosanoid pathways; class activity is shared by bicyclic monoterpene-rich EOs carrying the sabinane skeleton at high dominance.
Ref: class-extrapolation from B216 Ch.14 sabinene and α-pinene constituent profiles
Combined bicyclic monoterpene hydrocarbon fraction (sabinene 66.3% + α-pinene 6.6% + β-pinene 6.4%) provides radical-scavenging capacity characteristic of monoterpene-dominant EOs in this class.
Ref: class-extrapolation from B216 Ch.14 α-pinene and β-pinene profiles
Zanthoxylum rhetsa dried fruit pods function as a culinary spice in Indian traditional medicine; the volatile monoterpene fraction (predominantly sabinene) supports gastrointestinal motility consistent with the spice-EO class.
Ref: Tisserand & Young 2014, Ch.13 p.705 (traditional spice-condiment context); class-extrapolation from Zanthoxylum genus fruit-pod EOs
α-Pinene and sabinene-class monoterpenes modulate sensory nociceptor pathways; topical application at therapeutic dilution may provide mild counter-irritant analgesia consistent with spice-class EO activity.
Ref: class-extrapolation from B216 Ch.14 α-pinene profile; Tisserand & Young 2014, Ch.13 p.705
Sabinene-dominant Rutaceae EOs from the Zanthoxylum genus exhibit insect-repellent activity; structural features of sabinene align with other repellent bicyclic monoterpenes found in related fruit-pod distillates.
Ref: class-extrapolation from Zanthoxylum genus chemistry (Shafi et al 2000 via B216 Ch.13 p.705)
AI-summary
No RCT-grade clinical evidence has been located for mullilam (Zanthoxylum rhetsa) essential oil. Shafi et al (2000), the primary chemistry source cited in B216 Ch.13 p.705, characterizes the volatile profile (sabinene 66.3%, \u03b1-pinene 6.6%, \u03b2-pinene 6.4%) but does not evaluate therapeutic efficacy. All therapeutic ratings are inferential, derived from constituent-class extrapolation via B216 Ch.14 profiles for the dominant bicyclic monoterpene fraction. B216 records no known hazards and no known contraindications, with reproductive toxicity rated LOW via T&Y constituent extrapolation (verbatim: 'not hazardous in pregnancy'). No carcinogenic constituents identified. Traditional aromatherapy use; no RCT-grade clinical evidence located.
NarrativeTâm trạng: Stimulating, Uplifting
Chakra
solar
Ngũ hành
kim
| Phương pháp | Liều lượng | Ghi chú |
|---|---|---|
| Diffusion | 2–4 drops per 100 ml water | Spicy-woody aromatic; blends well with citrus and conifer EOs. Standard diffusion 30–60 min with ventilation intervals. No special precautions beyond standard practice. |
| Topical massage | 1–3% in carrier oil (max 5% adult) | Dilute in a fixed carrier oil before application. 1% for general use; up to 5% adult maximum per T&Y framework. Avoid mucous membranes and eye area. |
| Inhalation (personal inhaler) | 2–3 drops on tissue or inhaler wick | Brief inhalation for aromatic benefit; 3–5 min maximum per session. Suitable for portable aromatherapy; discontinue if irritation occurs. |
| Compress (warm) | 2–3 drops in 200 ml warm water | Dilute thoroughly; apply damp cloth to target area for topical warmth. Avoid broken or irritated skin; patch-test dilution first. |
| Skincare blend | 0.5–1% in carrier oil or unscented base | Conservative dilution recommended (data-gap status). Non-phototoxic — no UV precaution required. Monitor for reaction on first application. |
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