- Melissa officinalis L. (Lamiaceae). Source: fresh aerial parts; steam distillation. "Melissa / Lemon balm / Balm / Tía tô đất". One of the most expensive steam-distilled EOs (alongside rose otto, neroli) due to very low yield (~0.01–0.05%) — historical adulteration epidemic rail drives most of the safety-profile complexity.
- Adulteration-epidemic rail (CRITICAL): T&Y + Burfield 2003: "Melissa oil is frequently imitated by mixing oils of citronella, may chang and lemon, plus various isolates and synthetics." Most "melissa oil" in the market is NOT melissa. Prices significantly below genuine market value signal fakery. Burfield 2003: synthetic citral + citronellal common adulterants. Genuine melissa became commercially available only in the early 1990s — previously ALL "melissa oil" on the market was fabricated.
- Chemistry (Lawrence 1996d, 1999c): Geranial 12.5–38.3% + Neral 9.7–26.1% + β-Caryophyllene 0.3–19.1% + Citronellal 4.5–13.3% + Germacrene D 0–13.0% + Caryophyllene oxide 0.8–10.0% + Geraniol 1.0–8.1% + (E)-β-Ocimene 0–4.9% + Neryl acetate 1.5–4.0% + 6-Methyl-5-hepten-2-ol 0–3.8% + Geranyl acetate 0.7–3.3% + α-Terpineol 0.1–1.4% + Nerol 0.6–1.3%. Citral-dominant (geranial 12–38% + neral 10–26% = citral 22–64%). Multiple chemotypes exist.
- Hazards: Drug interaction; teratogenicity; skin sensitization. Cautions (oral): Diabetes medication + drugs metabolized by CYP2B6 + pregnancy. Cautions (dermal): hypersensitive / diseased / damaged skin + children <2y. Max daily oral dose in pregnancy: 65 mg. Max dermal: 0.9%. Both very restrictive — calibrated on 64% citral × citral's 0.6% dermal + 0.6 mg/kg oral limits (Ch.14 Citral profile).
- Citral-teratogenicity rail (CRITICAL): Citral is dose-dependently teratogenic via inhibition of retinoic acid synthesis (affects fetal development — Ch.14 Citral profile). This is why pregnancy oral dose is hard-capped at 65 mg. Blood-glucose lowering rail (positive + interaction): Chung 2010 — melissa oil fed at 0.015 mg/day × 6 weeks to male mice caused 65% blood-glucose reduction + significant serum insulin increase + improved glucose tolerance. Strong therapeutic signal for diabetes support AND a drug-interaction flag with antidiabetic medication (hypoglycemia stacking risk).
Tổng Quan
- Danh pháp khoa học
- Melissa officinalis L.
- Họ thực vật
- Lamiaceae
- Bộ phận dùng
- —
- Phương pháp chiết xuất
- steam_distillation
- Màu sắc
- —
- Phân loại nốt hương
- Nốt Top
- Hương thơm
- —
- Chemotype / Cultivar
- —
Tình trạng tại Việt Nam
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Phân loại nốt
Top
Cường độ
4/5
Độ bền trên da
2–4 giờ
Họ hương
Lemon-fresh
Hương đầu (Opening)(0–15 phút)
Sun-warmed lemon balm crushed in the hand, luminous citrus-aldehyde shimmer, tender green-herbal softness, faintly honeyed at the heart, clean and lifting like morning light on lemon leaves
Hương giữa (Heart)(15–60 phút)
Lá tía tô đất vò nát dưới nắng ấm, ánh chanh citral rực rỡ như tia sáng, xanh thảo mộc mềm mại dịu dàng, thoảng mật ong ngọt ngào trong lòng hương, trong trẻo nâng lòng như bình minh qua vòm lá
Hương nền (Drydown)(1–4 giờ)
2–4 giờ
Cường độ hương
4/5
Da khô
3/5
Da dầu/mụn
3/5
Da lão hóa
4/5
Da thường
4/5
Da nhạy cảm
2/5
Da hỗn hợp
3/5
Nhập khẩuImported
Tên gọi tại Việt Nam
Tinh dầu Melissa (Tía tô đất / Lemon Balm)
Pha Chế & Hòa Hợp
antioxidant
Citral (geranial + neral), geraniol, and citronellal act as free-radical scavengers; Serbian sample yielded DPPH IC50 7.6 µg/mL and Brazilian sample achieved EC50 2 µL in independent in-vitro assays.
Ref: Mimica-Dukic (2004) [via B216]; De Sousa (2004) [via B216]
antiproliferative (in vitro)
Brazilian-origin Melissa EO demonstrated inhibition across a wide spectrum of cancer cell lines in vitro; separately, suppression of HEP-2 human laryngeal carcinoma growth was confirmed in cell culture.
Ref: De Sousa (2004) [via B216]; Allahverdiyev (2001) [via B216]
hypoglycaemic
Oral administration at 0.015 mg/day for 6 weeks reduced blood glucose by 65% and raised insulin levels in mice; responsible constituent not isolated but citral-class monoterpenoids are implicated in modulating insulin secretion.
Ref: Chung (2010) [via B216]
calming / nervine
Citral and geraniol are associated with GABAergic modulation and serotonin pathway interaction; the sedative-calming action is well-established for Melissa officinalis across herbal and aromatherapy traditions within Lamiaceae.
Ref: class-extrapolation from Melissa officinalis herbal tradition (Lamiaceae); Tisserand & Young 2014, Ch.13
CYP2B6 inhibition (drug interaction)
Geraniol and citral constituents inhibit cytochrome P450 2B6, potentially elevating plasma concentrations of co-administered drugs including bupropion, efavirenz, cyclophosphamide, ketamine, methadone, and nevirapine.
Ref: Tisserand & Young 2014, Ch.14 — Geraniol and Citral constituent profiles [via B216]
AI-summary
No RCT-grade human clinical trials are available in the §13 source citations. The strongest in-vitro evidence is antioxidant activity: Mimica-Dukic (2004) reported a DPPH IC50 of 7.6 µg/mL for a Serbian-origin sample, and De Sousa (2004) documented an antioxidant EC50 of 2 µL for a Brazilian-origin sample alongside broad anticarcinogenic activity across cancer cell lines. Chung (2010) demonstrated a 65% blood-glucose reduction and elevated insulin in mice at 0.015 mg/day over 6 weeks — animal data only, not transferable to human aromatherapeutic dosing without further study. All cited evidence is pre-clinical (in vitro or animal model); no human RCTs for Melissa EO were located in the provided §13 references.
NarrativeTâm trạng: Calming, Uplifting
anxietygriefjoyheart-openingnervous exhaustionclarity
Chakra
heart
Ngũ hành
hoa
| Phương pháp | Liều lượng | Ghi chú |
|---|---|---|
| Diffusion | 2-3 drops in 100ml water or ultrasonic diffuser | Khuếch tán 30-45 phút trong phòng thông gió. Thích hợp buổi tối hỗ trợ thư giãn. Không dùng cho trẻ em trong cùng không gian (contraindicated_children=TRUE). |
| Topical massage | 0.5-0.9% in carrier oil (max 2 drops per 10ml; 18 drops per 100ml) | Không vượt quá 0.9% (giới hạn người lớn). Không thoa lên trẻ em. Kiểm tra tương tác CYP2B6 với bupropion, efavirenz, methadone, nevirapine trước khi dùng. |
| Inhalation (direct) | 1-2 drops on tissue, inhale briefly 30-60 seconds | Phương pháp tiết kiệm cho loại tinh dầu đắt tiền và phổ biến bị pha giả. Hít gián tiếp qua khăn giấy; không hít trực tiếp kéo dài. |
| Skincare blend | 0.5% in lightweight carrier (10 drops per 100ml serum) | Ưu tiên dầu nền ổn định như jojoba để bù đắp tốc độ phân hủy nhanh của Melissa. Thêm vitamin E 0.5%. Patch test trước khi dùng trên da nhạy cảm. |
Dầu nền phù hợp
Jojoba waxTechnically a liquid wax with near-indefinite shelf life — ideal counterbalance to Melissa's rapid storage degradation even under refrigeration (Shalaby 1995); compatible with all skin types.
Sweet almond oilLight, non-comedogenic, classic massage carrier that supports the calming therapeutic positioning of Melissa; medium absorption rate suits relaxation and nervine blends.
Rosehip seed oilSynergistic antioxidant profile (rich in tocopherols and carotenoids) complements Melissa's in-vitro antioxidant activity; well-suited for mature skin blends at 0.5% EO dilution.
Fractionated coconut oilColourless, odourless, and oxidatively stable — preserves Melissa's delicate citral-dominant aroma without competing scent notes; extends usable life of diluted blend.
Kết hợp tốt với
CitrusFloralHerbaceousGreen
Blend kinh điển
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[Tisserand & Young] Ch.13 p.697–698
[Lawrence] GC composition [via B216]
[Shalaby] storage degradation even at 4°C [via B216]
[Burfield] adulteration (citronella + may chang + lemon + synthetic citral + synthetic citronellal) [via B216]
[Ch.14 Citral profile] dermal 0.6%, oral 0.6 mg/kg, teratogenicity via retinoic-acid-synthesis inhibition [via B216]
[Ch.14 Geraniol + Citral profiles] CYP2B6 inhibition [via B216]
[Mimica-Dukic] Serbian sample DPPH IC50 7.6 µg/mL [via B216]
[De Sousa] Brazilian sample antioxidant EC50 2 µL + anticarcinogenic wide-spectrum cell lines [via B216]
[Chung] mouse 0.015 mg/day × 6wk: 65% blood-glucose reduction + insulin increase [via B216]
[Allahverdiyev] HEP-2 human laryngeal cancer inhibition [via B216]
[De Martino] citronellal-chemotype non-mutagenic S. typhimurium T98+T100 ± activation [via B216]
[IFRA] unban + 0.63% dermal limit [via B216]
[Cropwatch / Burfield] original IFRA ban rebuttal [via B216]
An Toàn
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Thai kỳ & Cho con bú
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