Laurel berry essential oil (Laurus nobilis L. + Laurus novocanariensis (previously Laurus azorica), Lauraceae family) is an (E)-β-ocimene-dominant berry-distilled EO with CONTRAINDICATED-SKIN hazard signature and EU+Canada cosmetic-ingredient PROHIBITION. B216 Ch.13 p.650–652 cites Marzouki et al 2008 hydrodistilled Tunisian L. nobilis essential-oil composition: (E)-β-ocimene 23.7% + α-pinene 10.3% + 1,8-cineole 8.1% + β-longipinene 6.8% + β-pinene 5.8% + linalool 4.2% + δ-cadinene 3.9% + camphene 3.8% + (Z)-β-ocimene 3.0% + α-terpinyl acetate 3.0% + α-bulnesene 2.7% + sabinene 2.6% + bornyl acetate 2.1% + trans-cadinene 2.1% + β-cubebene 1.9% + (E)-caryophyllene 1.9% + germacrene D 1.8% + p-mentha-1,5-dien-8-ol 1.5% + spathulenol 1.4% + linalyl acetate 1.3% + α-cadinol 1.1% + 5-isocedranol 1.1% + methyleugenol 1.0%. Hazard signature: T&Y verbatim "Hazards: Skin sensitization. Contraindications: Should not be used on the skin." Regulatory: B216 EXPLICIT verbatim "Laurus nobilis seed (i.e. berry) oil is prohibited as a cosmetic ingredient in the EU and Canada." CRITICAL fixed-oil-vs-EO-vs-traditional-laurel-oil disambiguation rail (B216 EXPLICIT): Madeira-style laurel berry oil is ~90% fixed oil + ~10% essential oil (Castilho et al 2005); pre-1960 European literature "laurel oil" referred to combined fixed-oil + essential-oil traditional product (Foussereau et al 1967a — boiled-and-pressed Syrian-mountain method, "30% strong smelling thick oil containing 1–3% essential oil and resin"). CRITICAL methyleugenol-carcinogen-cap rail: B216 verbatim "Laurel berry oil contains 0.1% methyleugenol (1.0% methyleugenol is listed above, but the volatile constituents are only 10% of the total oil). Methyleugenol is a rodent carcinogen if exposure is sufficiently high." 0.1% in fixed-oil-EO-blend = 1.0% in pure EO fraction. CRITICAL ACD-epidemic-historical rail (B216 EXPLICIT): "Laurel oil skin allergy reached almost epidemic proportions in the mid-20th century" — felt-hat conditioning industrial use 1860–1962; Foussereau 1967a Germany 1953–1962 dermatology testing showed 3.1%, 3.55%, 3.9%, and 6.9% allergic to "laurel oil" across four reports; current Germany classification of laurel leaf EO as high-risk skin allergen is direct legacy of laurel berry oil ACD epidemic. CRITICAL sesquiterpene-lactone (costunolide + dehydrocostus lactone) rail: B216 EXPLICIT verbatim "The sesquiterpene lactones costunolide and dehydrocostus lactone are assumed to be responsible for skin reactions, and paradoxically, these have only been identified in the oil from L. novocanariensis" — costunolide 3.4–3.9% + dehydrocostus lactone 1.3–1.7% in cold-pressed L. novocanariensis from Madeira (Ferrari et al 2005); EU ban applies to L. nobilis but NOT to L. novocanariensis (technicality). CRITICAL nomenclature-confusion rail (B216 EXPLICIT verbatim): "The words 'laurel' and 'bay' are among the most potentially confusing of all aromatic descriptors. 'Bay leaf oil' can refer to: Laurus nobilis leaves, Pimenta dioica leaves or Pimenta racemosa leaves." Internet-sold "laurel berry essential oil" often = Cinnamomum glaucescens (Sugandha profile B216 elsewhere) — adulterant masquerading. Carcinogen cap derivation: contraindicated_skin all routes (T&Y EXPLICIT "Should not be used on the skin"); oral cap framework default no oral cap-driver from sesquiterpene lactones at 0.1% methyleugenol equivalence. Opens Mini-Batch 23c heterogeneity-progression hazard-signatures-trio (laurel-berry contraindicated-skin EU+Canada prohibited → leek anticoagulant-DI-organosulfur → lemon-balm-Australian citral-cap-3.4%-CYP2B6-teratogenicity).
Tổng Quan
- Danh pháp khoa học
- Laurus nobilis L.
- Họ thực vật
- Lauraceae
- Bộ phận dùng
- Berries
- Phương pháp chiết xuất
- steam_distillation
- Màu sắc
- —
- Phân loại nốt hương
- Nốt Top/Middle
- Hương thơm
- —
- Chemotype / Cultivar
- —
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Camphoraceous, spicy, warm, green-leafy, herbaceous, slight-medicinal, slightly-resinous, with subtle floral undertone from linalool
Long não, cay nồng ấm, xanh lá, thảo mộc, hơi dược liệu, hơi nhựa thông, vị floral nhẹ
2–4 giờ
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Pha Chế & Hòa Hợp
Sesquiterpene lactones costunolide (3.4–3.9%) and dehydrocostus lactone (1.3–1.7%) in cold-pressed L. novocanariensis berries are documented irritants and potential anti-inflammatory constituents per Ferrari 2005; historical folk use for joint pain and bruising predates modern safety data.
Ref: Ferrari et al 2005; Culpeper 1652 (historical)
1,8-Cineole (8.1%) and α-pinene (10.3%) contribute broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity via membrane disruption; rating applies to aromatic/diffused use only given topical prohibition.
Ref: class-extrapolation from laurel-leaf (Laurus nobilis leaf EO); Marzouki et al 2008
(E)-β-Ocimene (23.7%) imparts a fresh, herbaceous-floral character with mild uplifting properties in aromatic diffusion; no clinical data available for this fraction.
Ref: Tisserand & Young 2014, Ch.13 p.650–652
Costunolide and dehydrocostus lactone sesquiterpene lactones are the causative allergens in documented 3.1–6.9% ACD prevalence among dermatology patients; EU and Canada cosmetic prohibition is grounded in this hazard.
Ref: Foussereau et al 1967a; Ferrari et al 2005; EU Cosmetic Regulation Annex II
AI-summary
No RCT-grade clinical evidence located for therapeutic use. Foussereau et al 1967a documented 4 dermatology testing series in Germany (1953–1962) recording 3.1%, 3.55%, 3.9%, and 6.9% allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) prevalence among patients exposed to traditional 'laurel oil' (combined fixed + EO product). Ferrari et al 2005 identified costunolide (3.4–3.9%) and dehydrocostus lactone (1.3–1.7%) as the causative sesquiterpene lactone allergens in cold-pressed L. novocanariensis berry oil, underpinning the EU Cosmetic Regulation Annex II prohibition. Historical folk uses per Culpeper 1652 (joint pain, bruising) are unvalidated by modern controlled studies.
NarrativeTâm trạng: Stimulating, Balancing
Chakra
throat
Ngũ hành
kim
| Phương pháp | Liều lượng | Ghi chú |
|---|---|---|
| Diffusion | 2-4 drops per 100ml water in ultrasonic diffuser; max 30 min | Only safe application route for this oil. Ensure no skin contact with diffuser water. Ventilate room between sessions. Avoid use around pregnant women and children. |
| Brief inhalation (tissue) | 1-2 drops on tissue; inhale briefly, keep tissue away from facial skin | Do not allow tissue to contact skin. Prolonged inhalation not recommended. Avoid use by pregnant women and children. |
| Topical use — PROHIBITED | 0% — EU Cosmetic Regulation Annex II + Canada Cosmetic Ingredient Hotlist prohibit skin application | Prohibited cosmetic ingredient: EU Annex II + Canada Hotlist. Not for massage, bath, skincare, or any topical formulation. Traditional Madeira/Syrian product predates modern safety regulations. |
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