Lanyana / African wormwood essential oil (Artemisia afra von Jacquin, Asteraceae family) is a THUJONE-RICH neurotoxic-hard-cap pregnancy-contraindicated EO with dual hard restrictions: oral 22 mg/day max + dermal 0.8% max. B216 Ch.13 p.648–649 cites Graven (private communication, 1999): α-thujone 22.5% + (E)-chrysanthenyl acetate 19.2% + 1,8-cineole 19.1% + camphor 11.0% + β-thujone 8.9% + β-myrcene 2.4% + camphene 1.8% + β-pinene 1.3% + α-pinene 1.2% + germacrene D 1.2%. Hazard signature: T&Y verbatim "Hazards: Expected to be neurotoxic, based on thujone content." Contraindications (all routes) per T&Y verbatim: "Pregnancy, breastfeeding." HARD CAPS: Maximum adult daily oral dose 22 mg + Maximum dermal use level 0.8% per T&Y verbatim "Our oral and dermal restrictions are based on 31.4% total thujone content and thujone limits of 0.1 mg/kg and 0.25% (see Thujone profile, Chapter 14)" — T&Y EXPLICIT thujone-class-cap derivation. Total thujone 31.4% (α-thujone 22.5% + β-thujone 8.9%) — THIRD-HIGHEST thujone-dominance recorded in B216 commercial oils (after EO732 genipi Artemisia genepi α+β-thujone 90.2% extreme + thuja Thuja occidentalis α-thujone ~50% + sage Salvia officinalis α+β-thujone ~30–50%; lanyana 31.4% sits in the upper-tier thujone-class alongside sage + tansy + mugwort Artemisia vulgaris). Adverse skin reactions: B216 verbatim "No information found"; Neurotoxicity: B216 verbatim "No information found. There is a risk of convulsions with moderately high doses of thujone. The thujone NOAEL for convulsions was reported to be 10 mg/kg in male rats and 5 mg/kg in females (Margaria 1963)" — gender-differential NOAEL rail (female rats more sensitive). Acute toxicity: B216 verbatim "Both α- and β-thujone are moderately toxic, with reported oral LD50 values ranging from 190–500 mg/kg for different species (see Thujone profile, Chapter 14)." Antioxidant activity: Burits et al 2001 — DPPH + hydroxyl radical scavenging. Carcinogenic potential: B216 verbatim "No known carcinogens". Chemotype caveat (B216 EXPLICIT verbatim): "There are Artemisia afra chemotypes which may not contain significant amounts of toxic constituents, but none of these are commercially available" — chemotype-availability-vs-safety mismatch rail; safer chemotypes exist in literature but not on commercial market. Genus Artemisia hard-cap-thujone class peer: Class-shared with [[genipi]] (EO732 A. genepi α+β-thujone 90% extreme contraindicated all routes) + sage Salvia officinalis + tansy + mugwort + wormwood Artemisia absinthium; lanyana is the African wormwood thujone-class peer to European wormwood but slightly lower thujone (31.4% vs. A. absinthium 45–90%) → still hard cap but not all-route-contraindicated like genipi. CRITICAL Artemisia-species-disambiguation rail: Artemisia afra (lanyana — African wormwood, this oil) ≠ Artemisia absinthium (true European wormwood) ≠ Artemisia vulgaris (mugwort) ≠ Artemisia genepi (genipi EO732) ≠ Artemisia annua (sweet wormwood, low-thujone, anti-malarial artemisinin source) ≠ Artemisia dracunculus (tarragon, methyl-chavicol-rich, NOT thujone-dominant) ≠ Artemisia pallens (davana, NOT thujone-dominant) — Artemisia-genus is chemotaxonomically heterogeneous; identity-confusion-with-species-A-vs-B is a B216-recurring pattern across thujone-rich genus. Mid-trio of Mini-Batch 23b (lantana clean → lanyana thujone-hard-cap pregnancy-contraindicated → larch-needle latent-α-pinene-oxidation).
Tổng Quan
- Danh pháp khoa học
- Artemisia afra von Jacquin
- Họ thực vật
- Asteraceae
- Bộ phận dùng
- Leaves and stems
- Phương pháp chiết xuất
- steam_distillation
- Màu sắc
- —
- Phân loại nốt hương
- Nốt Middle
- Hương thơm
- —
- Chemotype / Cultivar
- —
Các quốc gia sản xuất chính
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Penetrating wormwood sharpness, cold medicinal camphor, bitter sage austerity, antiseptic herbal clarity, faint wild-floral warmth
Ngải đắng cắt sắc buốt lạnh, long não y dược thấu xương, xô thơm khô khan kiêu bạc, thảo mộc sát khuẩn trong trẻo, thoảng ấm hoa dại kín đáo
2–4 giờ
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Pha Chế & Hòa Hợp
The combined monoterpene-ketone and aromatic constituent pool of Artemisia afra EO scavenges DPPH and hydroxyl radicals in vitro, placing it among antioxidant-active Artemisia species.
Ref: Burits M, Asres K, Bucar F (2001). Antioxidant activity of EOs of Artemisia afra, A. abyssinica, Juniperus procera.
Secondary 1,8-cineole fraction activates mucociliary airway clearance and reduces bronchial secretion viscosity, supporting traditional Southern African respiratory use.
Ref: Tisserand R, Young R (2014), Ch.13 p.648–649 (traditional use); class-extrapolation from eucalyptus-cineole cineole fraction
α-Thujone and camphor disrupt microbial cell membrane integrity via lipophilic interaction with phospholipid bilayers; terpenoid pool activity consistent with Burits 2001 radical-scavenging results.
Ref: Burits M, Asres K, Bucar F (2001); class-extrapolation from Artemisia absinthium antimicrobial literature
Traditional Zulu, Xhosa, Sotho, and Tswana healers use A. afra steam and decoctions for fever; camphor and cineole may mediate peripheral vasodilation and diaphoresis.
Ref: Tisserand R, Young R (2014), Ch.13 p.648–649 (traditional ethnobotanical use, Southern Africa)
α-Thujone disrupts GABA-A receptor orthologues in insects at concentrations sub-toxic to adult humans under the 0.8% dermal cap; consistent with traditional Artemisia genus insect-repellent use.
Ref: class-extrapolation from Artemisia absinthium and A. annua antiparasitic literature; Tisserand & Young 2014, Ch.13
Traditional Southern African topical plant-preparation use for wound care; antioxidant constituent pool may reduce oxidative stress at wound site at sub-0.8% EO concentration.
Ref: Tisserand R, Young R (2014), Ch.13 p.648–649; Burits M, Asres K, Bucar F (2001) — antioxidant activity
AI-summary
No RCT-grade clinical evidence for Artemisia afra EO in therapeutic applications. Burits et al. (2001) demonstrated in vitro antioxidant activity via DPPH and hydroxyl radical scavenging assays, placing A. afra EO among antioxidant-active Artemisia species alongside A. abyssinica and Juniperus procera. Toxicology anchor: Margaria (1963) established thujone convulsion NOAEL at 10 mg/kg (male rats) / 5 mg/kg (female rats), providing mechanistic basis for the T&Y 2014 adult dermal cap of 0.8% and oral limit of 22 mg/day. All therapeutic efficacy claims reflect traditional Southern African PLANT use (Zulu/Xhosa/Sotho/Tswana decoctions) — not concentrated EO clinical data. Pharmacokinetic transfer from plant decoction to concentrated distillate is unvalidated.
NarrativeTâm trạng: Stimulating, Grounding
Chakra
third-eye
Ngũ hành
kim
| Phương pháp | Liều lượng | Ghi chú |
|---|---|---|
| Diffusion | 1-2 drops per 100ml water, max 20 min per session | Phòng thông thoáng, tối đa 20 phút/lần. Không dùng cho thai phụ, trẻ em, người động kinh hoặc dùng thuốc chống co giật. Không khuếch tán liên tục. Giới hạn 1-2 lần/ngày. |
| Topical massage | 0.5–0.8% in carrier oil (approx. 2 drops per 10ml) | Người lớn khỏe mạnh only. Không thoa mặt/cổ/da mỏng. Không dùng thai phụ, trẻ em, người cao tuổi. Tránh da tổn thương. Test patch 24h trước khi dùng rộng. |
| Steam inhalation | 1 drop in ≥1L hot water, inhale 1-2 min maximum | Phương pháp hô hấp truyền thống châu Phi. Mắt nhắm, cách xa ≥30cm. Không dùng thai phụ, trẻ em, người động kinh. Tối đa 2 lần/ngày. |
| Compress | 1-2 drops in 500ml warm water, soak cloth and apply | Nén ấm/nguội cho cơ mỏi hoặc vùng viêm nhẹ (người lớn). Nồng độ thực tế <0.1% sau pha loãng. Không dùng cho thai phụ. Không đắp vùng da rộng. |
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