- Cistus ladanifer L. (Cistaceae). Source = gum (labdanum gum) obtained by immersing harvested plant material (leaves + terminal branches) in boiling water. Labdanum oil is steam distilled from the gum. "Labdanum". Classical amber-accord fixative — one of the backbone notes of chypre, fougère and oriental perfumery.
- Cross-reference rail: See also cistus oil (different product — steam distilled directly from leaves/branches, different constituent ratios, sold under its own trade name). Labdanum-oil and cistus-oil are TWO DIFFERENT products from the SAME species — the gum-distilled (labdanum) vs leaf-distilled (cistus) rail.
- Chemistry (Lawrence 1989, 1999d): α-Pinene 4.9–44.0% + 3-Phenylpropionic acid 0–22.2% + Camphene 1.4–7.0% + α-Selinene 0–6.4% + p-Cymene 2.1–6.3% + Caryophyllene oxide 0–4.4% + Viridiflorol 1.4–3.7% + Heptyl vinyl ketone 0–2.9% + α-Terpineol 0–2.4% + Fenchone 1.4–2.3% + Bornyl acetate 1.2–2.1% + Pinocamphone 0–1.3% + Verbenone 0–1.2%. Huge α-pinene range (9-fold variation) — chemotype-driven.
- Hazards: None known. Contraindications: None known. Opdyke 1976 p.335 — 8% / 25 volunteers neither irritating nor sensitizing; non-phototoxic. Rabbit undiluted moderately irritating. Acute oral LD50 rat 8.98 g/kg (very low toxicity). Acute dermal LD50 rabbit >5 g/kg. 3-Phenylpropionic acid LD50 mouse oral 1.6 g/kg.
- Pinocamphone-GABA rail (positive framing): Very low pinocamphone content (max 1.3%) does NOT require the GABA-A inhibitory neurotoxicity restriction that normally applies to pinocamphone-heavy oils — because the high α-pinene content potentiates GABA-A receptor-mediated responses (opposing direction), functionally neutralizing the pinocamphone signal. No known carcinogens in the oil. Labdanum gum (and possibly the absolute) also contains labdane diterpenes (labdane + sclareol) — these stay mostly in the gum/absolute, not fully in the steam-distilled oil.
Tổng Quan
- Danh pháp khoa học
- Cistus ladanifer L.
- Họ thực vật
- Cistaceae
- Bộ phận dùng
- —
- Phương pháp chiết xuất
- steam_distillation
- Màu sắc
- —
- Phân loại nốt hương
- Nốt Base
- Hương thơm
- —
- Chemotype / Cultivar
- —
Tình trạng tại Việt Nam
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Phân loại nốt
Base
Cường độ
4/5
Độ bền trên da
2–4 giờ
Họ hương
Amber
Hương đầu (Opening)(0–15 phút)
Sun-baked amber resin, warm cistus scrubland, dry balsamic sweetness, softly animalic depth, ancient stony warmth
Hương giữa (Heart)(15–60 phút)
Nhựa hổ phách ấm áp phơi dưới nắng, bụi cistus khô trên đất đá, ngọt nhựa balsam khô ráo, chiều sâu động vật nhẹ nhàng, hơi ấm đá cổ trầm mặc
Hương nền (Drydown)(1–4 giờ)
2–4 giờ
Cường độ hương
4/5
Da khô
5/5
Da dầu/mụn
2/5
Da lão hóa
5/5
Da thường
3/5
Da nhạy cảm
3/5
Da hỗn hợp
3/5
Nhập khẩuImported
Tên gọi tại Việt Nam
Tinh dầu nhựa Labdanum (Cistus)
Pha Chế & Hòa Hợp
Anxiolytic / calming
α-Pinene, a key monoterpene constituent of labdanum, potentiates GABA-A receptor activity, producing a sedative-like calming effect at the constituent level.
Ref: Ch.14 — α-Pinene constituent profile GABA-A potentiation [via B216]; Tisserand & Young 2014, Ch.13 p.645-646
Grounding / meditative
The complex resinous-ambery scent profile, rich in sesquiterpenes and balsamic constituents, is widely used in aromatherapy for emotional grounding and meditative centering.
Ref: Tisserand & Young 2014, Ch.13 p.645-646
Skin healing / cicatrisant
Cistus-derived resin has a long tradition in Mediterranean wound-healing and skin-regeneration practice; the monoterpene and sesquiterpene composition supports tissue-repair consistent with other balsamic resinous EOs.
Ref: Tisserand & Young 2014, Ch.13 p.645-646; class-extrapolation from balsamic resinous EOs
Antimicrobial — broad spectrum
α-Pinene and co-occurring monoterpenes identified in GC analysis possess well-documented membrane-disrupting antimicrobial activity, consistent with labdanum's traditional use as a preservative fixative in perfumery.
Ref: class-extrapolation from α-pinene-rich EOs; Lawrence 1989, 1999d (GC composition) [via B216]
Expectorant / balsamic respiratory
Balsamic resinous Cistaceae EOs carry a strong Mediterranean tradition of respiratory use; α-pinene monoterpene content supports mucociliary clearance consistent with class-level balsamic expectorant action.
Ref: class-extrapolation from balsamic resinous EOs; Tisserand & Young 2014, Ch.13 p.645-646
AI-summary
No RCT-grade clinical evidence specific to Cistus ladanifer essential oil has been located. Opdyke (1976) conducted a primary safety evaluation on 25 volunteers at 8% concentration, reporting no irritation, sensitization, or phototoxicity — establishing a favorable dermal safety baseline well above the 5% recommended adult maximum. Constituent-level evidence supports the calming claim via α-Pinene GABA-A potentiation (Ch.14, via B216). Notably, pinocamphone — also present and cited in Ch.14 — exerts GABA-A inhibition, introducing a theoretical CNS-stimulant / pro-convulsant risk at higher doses that partially counteracts the anxiolytic vector. All therapeutic applications (grounding, skin healing, respiratory support) rest on traditional practice and constituent inference, not controlled clinical study.
NarrativeTâm trạng: Grounding, Calming
introspectionsensualityprotectionancient wisdomgroundingdevotion
Chakra
root
Ngũ hành
tho
| Phương pháp | Liều lượng | Ghi chú |
|---|---|---|
| Diffusion | 2-4 drops in 100ml water | Ideal for meditative or grounding sessions. Blends well with frankincense, sandalwood, vetiver, rose. Limit continuous diffusion to 30-60 min; ventilate space between sessions. |
| Topical massage | 2-5% in carrier oil (max 5.0% adult dermal) | Dilute in jojoba or sweet almond oil. Avoid eyes and mucous membranes. Pinocamphone content warrants caution for epilepsy history or GABAergic medication users. |
| Skincare | 1-2% in facial serum or moisturizer | Best suited for dry and mature skin. Combine with rosehip seed or argan oil for anti-aging formulations. Perform patch test before first use. |
| Inhalation | 1-2 drops on cloth or personal inhaler | Brief inhalation for grounding during stress or meditation. Resinous-ambery profile anchors emotional focus. Avoid prolonged direct inhalation. |
Dầu nền phù hợp
JojobaLiquid wax with excellent shelf life and skin compatibility; complements labdanum's heavy resinous scent without competing — ideal for both skincare and body blends.
Rosehip seed oilRich in linoleic acid and natural retinoids; synergistic with labdanum's cicatrisant tradition for mature or post-wound skin repair formulations.
Argan oilHigh oleic and linoleic acid content with tocopherols; supports skin regeneration applications and pairs naturally with labdanum's warm balsamic profile.
Sweet almond oilLightweight, neutral carrier for body massage dilutions; gentle emollience without overpowering labdanum's complex aromatic character.
Kết hợp tốt với
WoodyFloralSpicyEarthyCamphoraceous
Blend kinh điển
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[Tisserand & Young] Ch.13 p.645–646
[Lawrence] GC composition [via B216]
[Opdyke] 8%/25 non-irritating/non-sensitizing/non-phototoxic [via B216]
[Schafer & Bowles] 3-phenylpropionic acid LD50 [via B216]
[Ch.14] α-Pinene constituent profile GABA-A potentiation [via B216]
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