Karo karoundé absolute (Leptactina senegambica Hook. f., Rubiaceae family — first Rubiaceae flower-absolute SINGLETON in Phase 3 mass-ingest) is a benzyl-cyanide-dominant + 2-phenylnitroethane + isoeugenol-trace West African flower absolute (NOT steam-distilled essential oil — solvent extraction from flowers) with T&Y-EXPLICIT 0.2% dermal cap (organic-cyanide-driven; third hard-cap-bearing oil after hyacinth EO745 22a 1.3% methyleugenol cap and jaborandi EO747 22a contraindicated_all). B216 Ch.13 p.641–642 cites Joulain & Laurent 1986 chemistry (~230 constituents reported; benzyl cyanide major): benzyl cyanide 4.8% + 2-phenylnitroethane 1.1% + isoeugenol 0.5% + 227 minor constituents. Hazard signature: T&Y verbatim "Hazards: Contains benzyl cyanide. Contraindications: None known. Maximum dermal use level: 0.2%." EU REGULATORY PROHIBITION: per Anon 2003a, benzyl cyanide occurrence in fragranced products is PROHIBITED in the EU. IFRA recommendation: benzyl cyanide is not used as a fragrance ingredient, BUT exposure from oils + extracts authorized provided level of benzyl cyanide in finished product does not exceed 100 ppm (0.01%) (IFRA 2009). T&Y 0.2% dermal cap derivation: 4.8% benzyl cyanide × 0.01% IFRA finished-product ceiling ÷ 4.8% = 0.21% ≈ 0.2% absolute on skin. Isoeugenol IFRA 0.02% sensitization-cap for most product types (also stricter than T&Y framework). Patch test POSITIVE for safety per Ford et al 1988a p.61S: undiluted slightly irritating to rabbits; tested at 1% on 25 volunteers neither irritating nor sensitizing; non-phototoxic. Acute toxicity: rat acute oral LD50 1.4 g/kg (moderate — reflects benzyl-cyanide content); rabbit acute dermal LD50 >5 g/kg (low). Benzyl cyanide moderately toxic (rat acute oral LD50 270 mg/kg per Benzyl cyanide profile Ch.14) BUT B216 verbatim "as an organic cyanide it is much less toxic than inorganic cyanides like hydrogen cyanide." Benzyl-cyanide-organic-cyanide vs inorganic-hydrogen-cyanide distinction CRITICAL — benzyl cyanide does NOT readily release HCN under physiological conditions; hazard profile is fundamentally different from inorganic cyanide salts. Solvent-extracted ABSOLUTE NOT steam-distilled EO — peer with hyacinth EO745 22a + honeysuckle EO744 21b + ginger-lily EO734 20a + jasmine-grandiflorum EO646 14a + jasmine-sambac EO645 14a + cassie EO702 15d + boronia EO693 15a + jonquil EO748 22b. Rubiaceae family flower-absolute SINGLETON in Phase 3 mass-ingest — Rubiaceae family is large (coffee + gardenia + cinchona + ipecacuanha) but karo-karoundé is the first Rubiaceae flower-absolute in mass-ingest; family chemotaxonomic-heterogeneity rail not yet established (single data point); contrast with Rubiaceae alkaloid-bearing genera (cinchona-quinine, ipecac-emetine) whose volatile fractions are minor — Leptactina volatile-flower-fraction is the focus here. Limited availability per B216 verbatim. 230-constituents-reported rare-density rail — Joulain & Laurent 1986 reported some 230 constituents in karo karoundé absolute, with benzyl cyanide as major component; rare high-constituent-density rail (most absolutes have 50–150 constituents in major reports). Forms 22b clean-vs-extreme-cap closing-position with jonquil (EO748 framework 5% T&Y "None known × 2") + kanuka (EO749 framework 5% latent-α-pinene-oxidation only) — three radically different hazard signatures: clean → latent-oxidation only → constituent-driven hard cap 0.2% (THIS oil) + EU prohibition rail closing 22b with regulatory ceiling.
Tổng Quan
- Danh pháp khoa học
- Leptactina senegambica Hook. f.
- Họ thực vật
- Rubiaceae
- Bộ phận dùng
- Flowers
- Phương pháp chiết xuất
- solvent_extraction
- Màu sắc
- —
- Phân loại nốt hương
- Nốt Base
- Hương thơm
- —
- Chemotype / Cultivar
- —
Các quốc gia sản xuất chính
Tình trạng tại Việt Nam
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Sharp bitter-floral with a hyacinthine edge, sweetly almond-tinged beneath exotic blooms, warm spicy undercurrent from hidden phenylpropanoids, dense narcotic West African night flower, hauntingly rare and unfamiliar
Hoa sắc nét đắng nhẹ kiểu hyacinth huyền bí, ngọt hạnh nhân thoảng ẩn dưới cánh hoa lạ, ấm nồng bí mật từ tầng phenylpropanoid chìm sâu, dày đặc mê hoặc như bông hoa đêm nhiệt đới Tây Phi, hiếm gặp đến ám ảnh không nguôi
2–4 giờ
Tên gọi tại Việt Nam
Pha Chế & Hòa Hợp
Rich polyconstituent floral profile (≥230 compounds per Joulain & Laurent 1986) containing phenylethyl-class volatiles and aromatic esters activates olfactory-limbic pathways associated with emotional warmth and positive affect via inhalation route.
Ref: Joulain & Laurent 1986; class-extrapolation from high-complexity Rubiaceae flower absolutes
Narcotic-floral trace constituents typical of solvent-extracted tropical flower absolutes modulate parasympathetic tone via olfactory-limbic axis; polyconstituent floral complexity supports relaxation response at diffusion concentrations.
Ref: class-extrapolation from solvent-extracted tropical flower absolutes; Tisserand & Young 2014, Ch.13 p.641-642
Exceptional aromatic complexity (~230 constituents) with benzyl cyanide (~4.8% dominant) and co-floral esters provides sustained olfactory stimulation; traditional Senegambian West African ritual fragrance use suggests psychoactive aromatic properties.
Ref: Joulain & Laurent 1986; Tisserand & Young 2014, Ch.13 p.641-642
Benzyl cyanide (dominant aromatic nitrile) has in-vitro bacteriostatic properties within the organic nitrile constituent class; distinct from inorganic cyanides; no clinical aromatherapy evidence exists at the restricted 0.2% therapeutic ceiling.
Ref: Tisserand & Young 2014, Ch.14 (benzyl cyanide — organic nitrile class, distinct from inorganic HCN)
AI-summary
Traditional aromatherapy use; no RCT-grade clinical evidence located for karo-karoundé absolute (Leptactina senegambica). Available data is safety-oriented: Ford et al (1988a) reports 25-volunteer patch test at 1% was negative, oil is non-phototoxic, rat oral LD50 1.4 g/kg, rabbit dermal LD50 >5 g/kg. Benzyl cyanide (dominant constituent) rat oral LD50 is 270 mg/kg (Tisserand & Young 2014, Ch.14), substantially lower than the whole-oil LD50. EU cosmetic prohibition (Anon 2003a) and IFRA 100 ppm finished-product ceiling (IFRA 2009) severely restrict the conditions under which therapeutic topical evidence could be generated.
NarrativeTâm trạng: Uplifting, Balancing
Chakra
heart
Ngũ hành
hoa
| Phương pháp | Liều lượng | Ghi chú |
|---|---|---|
| Diffusion | 1-2 drops in 200 ml water | Primary recommended route; bypasses EU cosmetic ban (which covers leave-on topical products). Use in ventilated rooms. Avoid near pregnant women, infants, or those with respiratory sensitivity. |
| Personal inhaler | 1-2 drops on inhaler wick | Suitable for brief olfactory use (mood, emotional support). Limit to 2-3 inhalations per session. Avoid continuous use due to benzyl cyanide content. |
| Topical massage (non-EU jurisdictions only) | 0.1-0.2% in carrier oil (hard cap: 0.2% adult) | EU/UK ban applies (benzyl cyanide, Anon 2003a). Outside EU only; 0.2% adult max. Isoeugenol co-cap: IFRA 0.02% total blend. Avoid in pregnancy, nursing, children, sensitive skin. |
| Fine fragrance perfumery blending | ≤0.01% (100 ppm) in finished fragrance | IFRA 2009: benzyl cyanide ≤100 ppm in finished product. Isoeugenol co-limit ≤0.02% total formulation. Patch testing recommended. Primary documented use of this rare absolute. |
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