- Jasminum grandiflorum L. (Oleaceae) — species KHÁC Jasmine Sambac (J. sambac); cùng họ Oleaceae nhưng IFRA cap khác biệt rõ rệt (grandiflorum 0.7% vs sambac 4.0%).
- Max dermal 0.7% (IFRA category 4) — driver = skin sensitization moderate risk. KHÔNG phải phototoxic; KHÔNG phải drug-interaction-driven.
- Hazards: Skin sensitization (moderate risk). Contraindications: None known. Table 13.1 allergic reaction data: Larsen 1977 7/20 at 10%, Frosch 2002b 1.2% (20/1606), Pratt 2004 0.7%/4900, Belsito 2006 0.4% (7/1603), Uter 2010 1.69%/3668.
- Chemistry đa tầng (Bassett 1994): benzyl acetate 15–24.5% + benzyl benzoate 8–20% + phytol 7–12.5% + squalene 2,3-oxide 5.8–12% + isophytol 5–8% + phytyl acetate 3.5–7%; chemistry dạng "heavy solvent absolute" — KHÔNG phải typical floral EO.
- Non-phototoxic (Opdyke 1976 p.331). Adulteration major risk: α-amyl cinnamic aldehyde + coniferyl benzoate + Sumatra benzoin + indole synthetic.
Tổng Quan
- Danh pháp khoa học
- Jasminum grandiflorum L.
- Họ thực vật
- Oleaceae
- Bộ phận dùng
- Fresh flowers (bông hoa tươi) — harvested exclusively by hand between 5–10 AM before the day's heat
- Phương pháp chiết xuất
- Solvent extraction (hexane or petroleum ether) → Concrete → Absolute (ethanol washing of concrete, t
- Màu sắc
- Deep orange-brown to reddish-amber; viscous semi-solid at room temperature (<20°C), liquid when warmed; one of the most viscous of all commercial absolutes
- Phân loại nốt hương
- Nốt Base
- Hương thơm
- Heart–Base note; quintessential deep, rich, warm white floral — intensely sweet, narcotic, waxy, slightly animalic/indolic, with subtle fruity and green tea-leaf undertone; evolves from bright-sweet floral on opening to deep, honeyed-balsamic on dry-down
- Chemotype / Cultivar
- No formally defined chemotype; geographic origin drives significant profile variation:
Các quốc gia sản xuất chính
Egypt ★★★★★ (Gharbia/Nile Delta — dominant commercial supply3500–4000 kg absolute/year)India ★★★★☆ (Tamil Nadu/Coimbatore — premium grade)France ★★☆☆☆ (Grasse — prestigeUNESCO-listedlimited volume)China ★★★☆☆ (domestic consumption)Morocco ★★☆☆☆
Tình trạng tại Việt Nam
⭐⭐⭐☆☆ — Imported; available at specialist aromatherapy/perfumery suppliers in Hanoi and HCM City. Significant adulteration in the Vietnamese market — synthetic jasmine fragrance oils and diluted absolutes are common. Authentic absolute price: 500,000–2,500,000 VND / 1–3 ml. GC/MS certificate essential. NOTE: J. grandiflorum absolute should not be confused with J. sambac absolute (hoa lài Việt Nam native species — different profile).
Phân loại nốt
Heart–Base (classical Heart no
Cường độ
Đang cập nhật
Độ bền trên da
6–12 hours (skin); 24–72 hours on fabric; dry-down transforms significantly — bright floral at start, honeyed-balsamic at base
Họ hương
[Primary: White Floral] [Secondary: Narcotic / Oriental / Balsamic]
Hương đầu (Opening)(0–15 phút)
Rich, narcotic, warm, honeyed, indolic, waxy, deep floral, slightly animalic, exotic
Hương giữa (Heart)(15–60 phút)
Ngào ngạt – nồng ấm – mật ong – hoa trắng sâu thẳm – gợi cảm – gây nghiện – hơi thú tính nhẹ
Hương nền (Drydown)(1–4 giờ)
6–12 hours (skin); 24–72 hours on fabric; dry-down transforms significantly — bright floral at start, honeyed-balsamic at base
Da khô
5/5
Excellent — benzyl benzoate + phytol + linalool deeply nourishing and barrier-supportive; 0.5–1% in argan or rosehip for intensive dry skin serum
Da dầu/mụn
2/5
Not recommended as primary active — benzyl benzoate can be comedogenic in some formulations; antimicrobial benefit insufficient to outweigh comedogenic risk; use with caution at ≤0.3% if needed
Viêm da cơ địa
2/5
CAUTION — multiple sensitising constituents; benzyl benzoate and eugenol documented contact sensitisers in eczema patients; avoid during flare; patch test rigorously; ≤0.3% remission use only
Da lão hóa
5/5
Top-tier choice — phytol antioxidant, linalool cytophylactic, farnesol skin-conditioning, benzyl benzoate emollient; 0.5–1% in rosehip or argan evening serum for anti-aging
Da nhạy cảm
2/5
HIGH sensitisation risk — benzyl acetate, benzyl benzoate, eugenol, linalool, farnesol, indole — multiple EU 26 allergens; patch test mandatory; start ≤0.3%; many sensitive skin types better served by alternatives
Da hỗn hợp
4/5
Focus on dry zones; use 0.5% in lightweight jojoba; avoid heavy concentration on T-zone
Nhập khẩu**Tier 2 Premium (J. sambac / hoa nhài) / Imported (J. grandiflorum absolute)** — *J. sambac* jasmine cultivation and jasmine tea production is a significant VN agricultural heritage. *J. grandiflorum* absolute production is exclusively imported. The cultural identity of "hoa nhài" belongs primarily to *J. sambac* in Vietnamese context.
Vùng trồng / sản xuất tại VN
J. sambac (hoa nhài/lài): Thanh Hóa, Nghệ An, Hưng Yên (primary production for jasmine tea); Đồng Nai, Bình Dương (ornamental/tea)
Tên gọi tại Việt Nam
Hoa nhài — most common VN nametypically refers to J. sambac in VN contextsometimes used loosely for grandiflorum
Trong Y học cổ truyền VN
Trà hoa nhài — Vietnam produces and exports significant quantities of jasmine-scented green tea using J. sambac flowers; major agricultural industry; Thanh Hóa and Nghệ An are primary jasmine tea regions - Hoa nhài used in Buddhist floral offerings (lễ dâng hoa) at temples and pagodas throughout Vietnam - Traditional hair oil — jasmine-infused coconut oil for hair fragrance and conditioning; widely used by Vietnamese women historically - Folk medicine: dried jasmine flowers (J. sambac) brewed as
Mua hàng tại VN
J. grandiflorum absolute: available at specialist aromatherapy/perfumery suppliers in Hanoi (Phố Hàng Hương area specialty stores, online aromatherapy platforms) and HCM City - Very high adulteration rate in Vietnamese market — many products labelled "tinh dầu hoa nhài" are synthetic jasmine fragrance oils (iso-amyl acetate + benzyl acetate + hedione base) or heavily diluted absolutes - Authentic price range: 500,000–2,500,000 VND / 1–3 ml; anything significantly cheaper is almost certainly synt
Pha Chế & Hòa Hợp
Antidepressant / Mood-elevating
Methyl jasmonate modulates serotonergic pathways and exhibits antidepressant-like activity in animal models (forced swim test, tail suspension test); inhaled benzyl acetate activates olfactory-limbic circuits uplifting mood; clinical aromatherapy data confirm jasmine inhalation increases positive emotional states.
Ref: DOI 10.1016/j.phytochem.2019.06.012 (ScienceDirect 2019); Nature Sci Rep 2026 (nature.com/s41598-026); PMID 12203263
Anxiolytic / Sedative
Linalool (GABAergic), benzyl benzoate (antispasmodic CNS), and olfactory-limbic activation reduce perceived anxiety; inhalation of jasmine absolute in pilot GAD study (JAHM 2015) reduced Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale scores significantly (pre: 25.0 → post: 9.97; P=0.000).
Ref: JAHM study 2015 (jahm.co.in 124/106/323); PMID 12203263
Antispasmodic
Jasmine absolute relaxes smooth muscle via cAMP-mediated mechanism (not atropine-like); in vitro guinea pig ileum smooth muscle preparation; mode of action resembles lavender, geranium, and peppermint; applicable for uterine pain, IBS, dysmenorrhoea.
Ref: PMID 12203263
Uterotonic / Parturient
Increases oxytocin levels; reduces labour pain and labour duration; reduces need for pharmacological analgesia in term pregnancies.
Ref: PMC4280734; Leicestershire NHS Aromatherapy Protocol (≥37 weeks only)
Aphrodisiac / Libido-supportive
Central serotonergic + dopaminergic pathway modulation via aromatic compounds; traditional and clinical support for jasmine's role in sexual wellbeing, confidence, and desire.
Ref: PMID 12203263; traditional medicine systems
Antimicrobial
Benzyl alcohol (preservative-grade antimicrobial), eugenol, linalool, farnesol active against S. aureus, E. coli, C. albicans in vitro; jasmine absolute disc diffusion confirmed inhibition zones.
Ref: Jirovetz et al. 2007 (Sagepub 1934578X0700200411)
Cicatrisant / Wound healing
Benzyl benzoate + eugenol + linalool contribute to tissue regeneration; farnesol supports skin barrier repair; jasmine used in traditional scar treatment.
Ref: PMID 12203263; traditional Ayurveda
PMID 12203263 — Lis-Balchin & Hart 2002
Jasmine absolute smooth-muscle relaxation in vitro (guinea pig ileum); cAMP mechanism; antispasmodic confirmed; validated aromatherapy basis for dysmenorrhoea use
In vitro — ModeratePMC4280734 — Kaviani et al. 2014 (RCT)
Aromatherapy with jasmine oil (vs. lavender) in first stage labour: jasmine group had shorter first stage labour (P<0.05); pain score reduction significant; oxytocin-mediated mechanism proposed
Grade B RCT — ModerateJAHM 2015 Pilot — Inhalation GAD
Jasmine EO inhalation in n=30 GAD patients; HARS pre: 25.0 → post: 9.97; P=0.000; statistically significant anxiolytic effect
Pilot clinical — Low-ModerateNature Sci Rep 2026 (DOI s41598-026-39688)
Comparative volatile analysis 4 Jasminum species; methyl jasmonate antidepressant effect confirmed via serotonergic modulation; J. grandiflorum highest methyl jasmonate
Preclinical / analyticalJirovetz et al. 2007 (Sagepub)
GC/MS India absolute + antimicrobial disc diffusion: confirmed inhibition against B. cereus, S. aureus, Listeria; linalool + eugenol synergy
In vitro — ModerateTâm trạng: Uplifting + Sensual + Warming (euphorically uplifting and confidence-boosting, with deeply warming sensuality — the "Queen of Emotional Oils" in aromatherapy tradition; both elevates and grounds emotional states simultaneously)
Self-confidencesensualityjoyovercoming emotional coldness/fear of intimacyeuphoriaoptimismcreative inspiration
Chakra
Sacral Chakra ★★★★★ (Svadhisthana
Ngũ hành
Fire
| Phương pháp | Liều lượng | Ghi chú |
|---|---|---|
| Diffusion (khuếch tán) | 1–2 drops / 100ml | Extremely potent — start at 1 drop; 20–30 min max; blend with sandalwood or frankincense to moderate intensity; avoid bedroom if stimulating effect is experienced |
| Topical massage (massage) | 0.5–1% dilution | ≈ 3–6 drops per 30ml carrier; abdominal, chest, lower back; excellent for dysmenorrhoea (1% in castor or almond); partner massage at 0.5% in jojoba |
| Bath (tắm) | 3–5 drops in 1 tbsp whole milk / jojoba / castile | Pre-dilute mandatory; sensual evening bath at 0.5%; avoid >5 drops — potential headache from high diffusion in enclosed bath space |
| Inhalation (hít) | 1–2 drops on tissue | 5–10 min; antidepressant / acute anxiety; 1 drop on collar or wrist (on fabric, not skin) |
| Skincare (chăm sóc da) | 0.5–1% in facial serum or oil | ≈ 3 drops per 30ml; evening routine; combine with rosehip + jojoba; patch test first; not for oily/acne-prone as first choice |
| Perfumery | 0.3–2% in finished product (IFRA Cat 4) | Heart note anchor; fixative role; trace doses (0.3%) already significant; always combine GC/MS-verified batch |
| Labour support (≥37 weeks) | 2 drops diluted in 5ml carrier, topical lower abdomen | NHS clinical protocol — term pregnancy only; uterotonic at term; monitor uterine response |
Dầu nền phù hợp
JojobaNon-comedogenic wax ester; skin-compatible; extends absolute stability; best for facial and body leave-on at 0.5–1%
Sweet AlmondClassic massage carrier; warming, emollient; pairs naturally with jasmine's warm-sweet character; body and abdominal massage
ArganPremium skin-nourishing; oxidatively stable; ideal for luxury facial formulations; complements jasmine's high-end positioning
Castor Oil (10% blend in sweet almond)For dysmenorrhoea abdominal massage; castor's anti-inflammatory fatty acid profile synergises with jasmine absolute's antispasmodic action
Kết hợp tốt với
White FloralOrientalChypreFloral-OrientalSoft-FloralLeatherAnimalicTobacco-Floral
Blend kinh điển
Bergamot FCF + Jasmine Absolute + Sandalwood— Chypre-floral structure; fresh opening with deep floral heart and warm base
Ylang Ylang Complete + Jasmine Absolute— narcotic tropical-floral; exotic-Oriental; both very potent — balance carefully to avoid cloying
[Primary safety] Tisserand R & Young R. Essential Oil Safety, 2nd ed. Churchill Livingstone, 2014. Jasmine Absolute pp. 313–317; Benzyl benzoate p. 145; Eugenol p. 197; Linalool p. 241
[IFRA Standard] NHRORGANIC IFRA 51 Conformity Certificate — Jasmine Absolute J. grandiflorum: Benzyl benzoate <25% in fragrance mixture; Cat 4 guidance applies
[GC/MS India] Jirovetz L et al. Natural Product Communications 2007;2(4):463–469. GC/MS J. grandiflorum India: benzyl acetate 23.7%, benzyl benzoate 20.7%, phytol 10.9%
[GC/MS reference data] Kaiser R. in: Flavors and Fragrances, Elsevier 1988. J. grandiflorum average: benzyl acetate 27.5%, phytol 12.5%, linalool 10%, benzyl benzoate 9.5%
[GC/MS review] Baldovini N et al. Flavour Fragr. J. 2011;26(3):143–177. Comprehensive review jasmine absolute chemistry
[Antispasmodic] PMID 12203263 — Lis-Balchin M & Hart SL. Phytother Res. 2002;16(6):540–548. Spasmolytic activity jasmine absolute; cAMP mechanism
[Labour RCT] PMC4280734 — Kaviani M et al. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res. 2014;19(1):8–14. Aromatherapy jasmine vs lavender labour analgesia
[Antidepressant] DOI 10.1016/j.phytochem.2019.06.012 — Methyl jasmonate antidepressant serotonergic mechanism; ScienceDirect 2019
[Comparative volatile] Nature Sci Rep 2026 — DOI 10.1038/s41598-026-39688-w. Comparative Jasminum volatiles; MJ antidepressant confirmed
[GAD clinical pilot] JAHM 2015 — Inhalation jasmine EO GAD; HARS pre: 25.0 → post: 9.97; P=0.000
[Uterotonic safety] PMC4280734; Leicestershire NHS Aromatherapy Protocol (aromatherapy-for-low-risk-women-in-pregnancy); uterotonic contraindication <37 weeks
[Production / supply] Ultra International B.V. Jasmine Absolute Egypt 2025; Shiva Exports India monograph; Scentspiracy — production history
[VN jasmine culture] Wikipedia VN — Jasminum grandiflorum; Econashine.com — trà hoa nhài VN; PROSEA 1996
[Data reliability] HIGH — GC/MS chemistry HIGH (multiple peer-reviewed + IFRA regulatory); safety HIGH (Tisserand + NHS clinical protocol); clinical evidence MODERATE (RCT + pilot + in vitro); VN context MODERATE–HIGH (agricultural data + traditional use well documented)
An Toàn
Giới hạn da tối đa
0.7%
Giới hạn IFRA
YES — IFRA 51st Amendment applies; NHRORGANIC IFRA 51 cert: Benzyl benzoate <25% in fragrance mixture; benzyl alcohol <2.5%; eugenol <2%; farnesol restricted by category; Cat 4 (leave-on body): ~0.7–1.0% practical product-level limit; Cat 3 (fine fragrance): 1.5–2% with appropriate labelling
Thai kỳ & Cho con bú
Tam cá nguyệt 1Avoid
Tam cá nguyệt 2Avoid
Tam cá nguyệt 3Avoid
Giới hạn độ tuổi
Xem chi tiết
- x *Dermal limits:**
- x **Practical safe skincare limit:** **0.5–1%** in facial leave-on products (conservative clinical standard)
- x *Pregnancy & Breastfeeding (Thai kỳ):**
- x T1 (tam cá nguyệt 1): **AVOID** — documented uterotonic; risk of stimulating uterine contractions/early labour
- x T2: **AVOID** — same rationale; no safe therapeutic dose established
- x T3 (<37 weeks): **AVOID** — preterm labour risk
- x Breastfeeding: **CAUTION** — some traditional sources cite galactagogue use; however benzyl benzoate systemic absorption is possible; limit to low-level inhalation only; avoid topical near breast
- x Rationale: Jasmine increases oxytocin; antispasmodic + uterotonic dual action; traditional parturient classification is confirmed by multiple clinical studies
- x *Age Restrictions (Giới hạn tuổi):**
- x Children under 2: **AVOID ALL USE** — multiple allergens + uterotonic status; not assessed for infant safety
- x Children 2–10: **AVOID topical**; diffusion only at 1 drop in large, well-ventilated room, max 15 min
- x Children 10–16: Diluted topical ≤0.3%; monitor for sensitisation response
- x *Drug Interactions (Tương tác thuốc):**
- x **Oxytocin / Uterotonic drugs:** ADDITIVE — avoid co-administration; jasmine + synthetic oxytocin could cause uterine hyperstimulation
- x **CNS depressants / Benzodiazepines:** Mild additive sedation via linalool + benzyl benzoate; monitor
- x **Anticoagulants:** Eugenol (1–3%) has antiplatelet activity; avoid high-dose topical with anticoagulant therapy
- x **SSRIs / Antidepressants:** Theoretical serotonergic synergy via methyl jasmonate; not contraindicated but monitor effect
- x *Contraindications (Chống chỉ định):**
- x Pregnancy T1–T3 (<37 weeks) — absolute contraindication
- x Known allergy to benzyl benzoate, benzyl acetate, eugenol, linalool, or farnesol (EU 26)
- x Active eczema/atopic dermatitis — multiple contact sensitisers present
- x Asthma / severe respiratory hypersensitivity — undiluted/high-concentration inhalation can trigger bronchospasm (especially at high room concentration)
- x Pre-existing uterine conditions (fibroid, uterine surgery history) — uterotonic effect
- x Do not use undiluted on skin under any circumstances
- x *Quality markers (Kiểm tra chất lượng):**
- x **Adulteration risks (EXTREMELY HIGH — among highest in natural perfumery):**
- x Synthetic benzyl acetate/benzyl benzoate addition to inferior or diluted base
- x Dilution with diethyl phthalate (DEP), dipropylene glycol (DPG), or isopropyl myristate
- x Substitution with *J. sambac* absolute (different profile — higher indole, lower phytol)
- x Absence of phytol in GC/MS = definitive sign of steam-distilled or synthetic product sold as absolute
- x Absence of cis-jasmone = simplified/reconstructed product
- x Addition of synthetic hedione (methyl dihydrojasmonate) — common in inferior commercial absolutes
Genuine: Deep orange-brown to reddish-amber; viscous, semi-solid at room temperature; unmistakable rich, narcotic, deeply sweet floral aroma with waxy-honeyed dry-down; GC/MS must show: benzyl acetate 14–28%, benzyl benzoate 14–30%, phytol ≥8% (critical authenticity marker), indole 0.5–1.5%, cis-jasmone 2–5% Adulteration risks (EXTREMELY HIGH — among highest in natural perfumery): - Synthetic benzyl acetate/benzyl benzoate addition to inferior or diluted base - Dilution with diethyl phthalate (D
Bảo quản
Amber/dark glass; <15°C ideal (semi-solid at room temperature is normal and not a defect); avoid direct sunlight; nitrogen flush recommended for long storage; shelf life 2–3 years sealed; 12–18 months opened; warm gently in palm before use if viscous; keep away from humidity (benzyl benzoate slow hy