Gurjun oil (gurjun balsam oil; 4-species Dipterocarpus umbrella — D. tuberculatus + D. turbinatus + D. jourdainii + D. alatus, Dipterocarpaceae balsamic-resin steam-distillate) is a α-gurjunene sesquiterpene-hydrocarbon dominant oleoresin-derived oil with one of the cleanest Tisserand & Young profiles in B216 Ch.13 — "Hazards: None known. Contraindications: None known." across all 4 species chemotypes. Chemistry (Lawrence 1981 p.34–35): D. tuberculatus α-gurjunene 90.0% (highest-single-constituent-dominance in Ch.13 commercial sesquiterpene class) + (−)-allo-aromadendrene 4.0–6.0% + β-caryophyllene 2.0–4.0%; D. turbinatus α-gurjunene 20.0–75.0% + calarene 15.0% + (−)-allo-aromadendrene 4.0–6.0% + copaene 5.0%. "Other chemotypes apparently exist, with either α-copaene or calarene as the major constituent" (T&Y p.612). Framework caps apply: adult dermal 5.0% + sensitive 3.0% + pregnancy all trimesters 5.0% + pediatric cascade + max_oral 700 mg/day. Non-phototoxic; non-irritant undiluted rabbit/pig/mouse + non-irritant + non-sensitizing 8% on 25 volunteers (Opdyke 1976 p.791); LD50 oral rats > 5 g/kg + dermal rabbits > 5 g/kg. CRITICAL patchouli-adulterant rail — T&Y p.612 verbatim: "Gurjun balsam oil is a common adulterant of [[patchouli]] oil" (cross-reference canonical [[patchouli]] EO072). Dipterocarpaceae-singleton-in-B216-Ch13 + multi-species umbrella precedent (parallel to frankincense-frereana 6-species 19a + bergamot-wild 14b). Closes Mini-Batch 20b clean-profile trio.
Tổng Quan
- Danh pháp khoa học
- Dipterocarpus tuberculatus Roxb.
- Họ thực vật
- Dipterocarpaceae
- Bộ phận dùng
- Balsamic resin (oleoresin exudate)
- Phương pháp chiết xuất
- steam_distillation
- Màu sắc
- —
- Phân loại nốt hương
- Nốt Base
- Hương thơm
- —
- Chemotype / Cultivar
- —
Các quốc gia sản xuất chính
Tình trạng tại Việt Nam
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Dry warm resin settling into ancient timber, dusty amber forest floor, deep oleoresin earthiness anchored in sesquiterpene silence, softly animalic, slow-burning woody musk with unhurried gravitas
Nhựa gỗ khô ấm lắng vào thớ gỗ cổ thụ, sàn rừng phủ bụi hổ phách, chiều sâu nhựa thơm trầm đọng trong tĩnh lặng, thoáng xạ hương man mác, gỗ mộc nặng trĩu sức nặng ngàn năm
2–4 giờ
Tên gọi tại Việt Nam
Pha Chế & Hòa Hợp
Deep earthy-woody sesquiterpene odour profile — olfactory class identical to patchouli (confirmed by adulterant relationship) — supports traditional aromachology grounding response via limbic pathway activation.
Ref: class-extrapolation from patchouli (Tisserand & Young 2014, Ch.13 — gurjun as common adulterant of patchouli oil, confirming olfactory-class overlap)
α-Gurjunene (~90% dominance), an aromadendrane-type bicyclic sesquiterpene hydrocarbon, belongs to the sesquiterpene class broadly associated with COX/LOX pathway modulation; mechanism specific to α-Gurjunene is not confirmed in §13 citations.
Ref: class-extrapolation from sesquiterpene hydrocarbon class (patchouli, vetiver, guaiacwood peers); no direct gurjun in-vitro or RCT data in §13
Pure sesquiterpene hydrocarbon profile — no aldehydes, phenols, or sesquiterpene lactones; Opdyke (1976) demonstrated non-irritancy undiluted across three animal models, 0/25 sensitisation in HRIPT at 8%, and non-phototoxic status.
Ref: Opdyke DLJ (1976). Food & Cosmetics Toxicology 14 p.791; Tisserand & Young 2014, Ch.13
Heavy sesquiterpene hydrocarbons have high boiling points and low vapour pressure, slowing volatilisation of top and middle notes; extensive commercial use as a patchouli adulterant/extender directly confirms fixative utility in finished fragrance.
Ref: Tisserand & Young 2014, Ch.13 p.612 (Comments: 'common adulterant of patchouli oil')
Earthy, balsamic, woody odour character of sesquiterpene-hydrocarbon-dominant oils (patchouli, vetiver, guaiacwood) is widely used in contemplative and meditation contexts; limbic modulation via olfactory route postulated, no gurjun-specific RCT.
Ref: class-extrapolation from sesquiterpene-hydrocarbon-dominant EO class (patchouli, vetiver, guaiacwood); traditional aromatherapy use
AI-summary
No RCT-grade clinical evidence for gurjun essential oil was located in the §13 citations. The primary structured evidence is Opdyke (1976), a fragrance-industry GRAS evaluation: undiluted non-irritant in rabbit/pig/mouse models, HRIPT at 8% with 0/25 sensitisation, oral and dermal LD50 > 5 g/kg, non-phototoxic. This establishes an excellent safety profile but does not constitute therapeutic efficacy data. Tisserand & Young 2014 Ch.13 records hazards and contraindications as "None known" for all 4 species. No human clinical trials for α-Gurjunene or Dipterocarpus oleoresin EO are cited. All therapeutic action ratings ≤ 2 are class-extrapolations from the sesquiterpene-hydrocarbon-dominant oil cluster.
NarrativeTâm trạng: Grounding, Calming
Chakra
root
Ngũ hành
moc
| Phương pháp | Liều lượng | Ghi chú |
|---|---|---|
| Diffusion | 3-5 drops in 100 ml water | Phù hợp cho không gian thiền định và thư giãn. Mùi đất nặng — pha với cam hoặc bergamot để cân bằng. Non-phototoxic; no diffusion restriction (T&Y 'None known'). |
| Topical massage | 1-2% in carrier oil (adult max 5%) | Adult max 5% (T&Y). Standard 1-2% for massage. Non-sensitising at 8% (Opdyke 1976). Back/neck for grounding protocols. Do not apply undiluted despite animal non-irritant data. |
| Personal inhaler | 5-8 drops on cotton wick | Direct inhalation for grounding during acute stress. Heavy base note — layer with a citrus or floral inhaler for broader olfactory profile. No known hazards; all-population suitable (T&Y). |
| Skincare blend | 0.5-1% in carrier (face); 1-2% (body) | Non-irritant, non-sensitising (Opdyke 1976). Lower dilution for face. Suits dry/mature skin as grounding base note. Pairs well with jojoba or rosehip. Max dermal 5% (T&Y framework). |
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