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Trang chủThư Viện HươngGuaiacwood
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Gỗ Guaiac

Guaiacwood

Bulnesia sarmientoi Lorentz ex Griseb.

BaseGỗ

“Gỗ cổ thụ khô ấm trầm lặng, thoảng khói gỗ từ tầng sâu, thì thầm balsamic hồng ngọt, tịch lặng bột đất dịu dàng, vững chãi như lõi cây thụ đại”

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Tóm Tắt Khoa Học

Từ Thư Viện Kinh Điển

Guaiacwood oil (Bulnesia sarmientoi, Zygophyllaceae wood steam-distillate) is a sesquiterpene-alcohol-dominant wood oil with one of the cleanest Tisserand & Young profiles in B216 Ch.13 — "Hazards: None known. Contraindications: None known." + 200-patient dermatology patch-test no-sensitization data (Rudzki et al 1976). Chemistry (Prudent et al 1991): bulnesol 40.5% + guaiol 26.8% dominant + 10-epi-γ-eudesmol 2.2% + guaiol isomer 1.4% + elemol 1.2% — 67.3% combined top-2 sesquiterpene alcohols. Framework caps apply: adult dermal 5.0% + sensitive 3.0% + pregnancy all trimesters 5.0% + pediatric cascade + max_oral 700 mg/day. Non-phototoxic; non-irritant + non-sensitizing at 8% on 25 volunteers + 0/200 dermatology patch-test sensitization (Rudzki 1976); LD50 oral rats > 5 g/kg + dermal rabbits > 5 g/kg; 90-day feeding NOAEL 31.8 mg/kg (Bär & Griepentrog 1967). CITES Appendix II listed (CRITICAL commercial compliance rail) — Bulnesia sarmientoi wood + extracts restricted from bulk international trade; "finished products packaged and ready for retail sale" exempt. Zygophyllaceae-singleton-in-B216-Ch13 + commercial "budget sandalwood substitute" in sesquiterpene-alcohol-wood class with [[sandalwood-east-indian]] + [[amyris]] + [[patchouli]] + [[vetiver]]. Center of Mini-Batch 20b clean-profile trio.

🌿
Thận trọngNốt BaseWoody

Guaiacwood

Gỗ Guaiac (Nam Mỹ)

Bulnesia sarmientoi Lorentz ex Griseb.

Gỗ Guaiac (Nam Mỹ) — Woody

⚠️Tinh dầu này cần thận trọng khi sử dụng. Đọc kỹ hướng dẫn an toàn.

Tổng Quan

Danh pháp khoa học
Bulnesia sarmientoi Lorentz ex Griseb.
Họ thực vật
Zygophyllaceae
Bộ phận dùng
Wood
Phương pháp chiết xuất
steam_distillation
Màu sắc
—
Phân loại nốt hương
Nốt Base
Hương thơm
—
Chemotype / Cultivar
—

Các quốc gia sản xuất chính

ArgentinaParaguayBolivia

Tình trạng tại Việt Nam

Xem chi tiết

Phân loại nốt
Base
Cường độ
2/5
Độ bền trên da
2–4 giờ
Họ hương
Woody
Hương đầu (Opening)(0–15 phút)

Dry warm ancient timber, faintly smoky wood from deep within, soft rosy-balsamic whisper, powdery earthen stillness, quietly grounding like old-growth heartwood

Hương giữa (Heart)(15–60 phút)

Gỗ cổ thụ khô ấm trầm lặng, thoảng khói gỗ từ tầng sâu, thì thầm balsamic hồng ngọt, tịch lặng bột đất dịu dàng, vững chãi như lõi cây thụ đại

Hương nền (Drydown)(1–4 giờ)

2–4 giờ

Cường độ hương
2/5
Da khô
4/5

Da dầu/mụn
3/5

Da lão hóa
5/5

Da thường
4/5

Da nhạy cảm
4/5

Da hỗn hợp
3/5

Nhập khẩuImported

Tên gọi tại Việt Nam

Gỗ Guaiac (Nam Mỹ)

Pha Chế & Hòa Hợp

grounding / mild sedative-adjacent

Bulnesol (40.5%), a high-molecular-weight sesquiterpene alcohol, contributes a persistent woody-balsamic aromatic profile traditionally associated with CNS grounding and calming effects in inhalation aromatherapy.

Ref: Traditional aromatherapy use; class-extrapolation from vetiver and sandalwood sesquiterpene alcohol class (Tisserand & Young 2014, Ch.13)

anti-inflammatory (topical)

Guaiol (26.8%), a guaiane-skeleton sesquiterpene alcohol, belongs to a constituent class associated with COX-pathway modulation and topical anti-inflammatory activity in related sesquiterpene-alcohol-rich wood oils.

Ref: class-extrapolation from guaiol-bearing wood oils; Prudent et al 1991 (composition); Tisserand & Young 2014, Ch.13

skin-conditioning / barrier-supportive

Combined sesquiterpene alcohol load (bulnesol + guaiol ~67%) supports lipid-film formation and skin barrier integrity, consistent with long-standing cosmetic and perfumery application at framework concentrations.

Ref: Opdyke DLJ (1974) — non-sensitizing, non-irritating at 8% HRIPT 25 volunteers; Rudzki et al (1976) — 0/200 sensitization at 2%

skin tolerability — validated non-sensitizing

Two independent patch-test datasets (Opdyke 1974: HRIPT 8%/25 volunteers; Rudzki 1976: 0/200 consecutive dermatitis patients at 2%) represent one of the strongest combined no-sensitization safety profiles in B216 Ch.13.

Ref: Opdyke DLJ (1974), Food & Cosmetics Toxicology 12:905; Rudzki E et al (1976), Contact Dermatitis 2:196–200

antioxidant (mild)

Sesquiterpene alcohols in the bulnesane and guaiane skeleton classes exhibit mild radical-scavenging capacity in in-vitro assays of structurally related wood oils; no guaiacwood-specific antioxidant data identified.

Ref: class-extrapolation from sesquiterpene alcohol-dominant wood oils (Tisserand & Young 2014, Ch.13)

fixative / aromatic longevity enhancement

High-boiling sesquiterpene alcohols (bulnesol MW ~222 Da) retard volatilization of lighter-fraction compounds in blends, extending aromatic persistence — classical role as natural rosewood substitute in perfumery.

Ref: Traditional perfumery use; Tisserand & Young 2014, Ch.13

AI-summary

No RCT-grade clinical efficacy trials for guaiacwood essential oil were located in the available literature. Safety data constitutes the strongest body of evidence: Opdyke (1974) conducted a Human Repeat Insult Patch Test (HRIPT) at 8% on 25 volunteers confirming a non-sensitizing and non-irritating profile, with oral and dermal LD50 > 5 g/kg in rodents and non-phototoxic status. Rudzki et al (1976) patch-tested 200 consecutive dermatitis patients at 2% with zero sensitization reactions — one of the cleanest sensitization datasets in Tisserand & Young Ch.13. A 90-day rat feeding study (Bär & Griepentrog 1967; Oser et al 1965) established NOAEL at 30.7–36.0 mg/kg/day. All therapeutic action claims rely on traditional aromatherapy practice and class-extrapolation from sesquiterpene alcohol peers. T&Y 2014 explicitly lists both hazards and contraindications as 'None known'.

Narrative

Tâm trạng: Grounding, Calming

stillnessgroundingcontemplationinner peacestabilityrootedness

Chakra

root

Ngũ hành

kim

Phương phápLiều lượngGhi chú
Diffusion / Inhalation3-5 drops in 100 ml diffuser waterBlends well with sandalwood, vetiver, rose, jasmine. Persistent base-note; session 30-60 min. Grounding, meditation, stress-relief. T&Y: contraindications None known.
Topical massage1-2% in carrier oil (5% framework max, T&Y Ch.13)Non-irritating at 8% HRIPT (Opdyke 1974); 0/200 sensitization at 2% (Rudzki 1976). Conservative 1-2% for routine use; 5% acceptable for short-duration targeted work.
Skincare / cosmetic formulation0.5-1% in face cream; up to 2% in body lotionNon-phototoxic (Opdyke 1974) — safe for leave-on and daytime use. Suits mature/dry skin formularies as woody-balsamic fixative and skin-conditioning agent.
Aromatic bath4-6 drops dispersed in bath emulsifier firstDisperse in carrier oil, full-fat milk, or liquid soap before water entry. Low sensitization profile (Rudzki 1976) suits general use. Water ≤ 38°C; session 15-20 min.
Personal inhaler5-8 drops on inhaler wickSlow-release woody-balsamic profile suited to on-demand grounding. Non-phototoxic — safe for daytime portable use. Combine with citrus or floral top notes for balance.

Dầu nền phù hợp

JojobaLiquid wax stability pairs with guaiacwood's long shelf-life; neutral odor preserves the woody-balsamic profile; non-comedogenic suits both face and body use.
Argan oilHigh oleic acid and squalene complement sesquiterpene alcohol-rich guaiacwood for mature/dry skin formulations; oxidative stability supports blend shelf-life.
Sweet almond oilClassic massage carrier with moderate slip and neutral scent; oleic/linoleic balance suits general-purpose blending with guaiacwood for body and muscle work.
Fractionated coconut oilLightweight, non-greasy, indefinite shelf life; ideal for roller-bottle preparations and personal inhalers where rapid skin absorption and portability are priorities.
Rosehip seed oilHigh linoleic acid and carotenoid content synergize with guaiacwood for mature or dry skin serums; reinforces skin-conditioning profile in anti-ageing formularies.

Kết hợp tốt với

FloralResinousEarthySpicy

Blend kinh điển

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Chưa có dữ liệu tham khảo.

An Toàn

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Giới hạn IFRA

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Thai kỳ & Cho con bú

Tam cá nguyệt 1Unknown
Tam cá nguyệt 2Unknown
Tam cá nguyệt 3Unknown

Giới hạn độ tuổi

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Bảo quản

Bảo quản nơi tối, mát

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Thông tin chỉ mang tính tham khảo, không thay thế tư vấn y tế chuyên nghiệp. SYMELab v2.0

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Hồ Sơ Hoá Học Chi Tiết
§3 Chemical Profile — chemotype, constituent ranges, adulteration

Per Prudent et al 1991 (cited in B216 Ch.13 p.611):

Constituent%Role
Bulnesol40.5%Dominant sesquiterpene alcohol (bulnesane-type, unique to Bulnesia)
Guaiol26.8%Dominant sesquiterpene alcohol (guaiane-type, shared with gum guaiac + patchouli trace)
10-epi-γ-Eudesmol2.2%Sesquiterpene alcohol (eudesmane-type)
Guaiol isomer1.4%Sesquiterpene alcohol
Elemol1.2%Sesquiterpene alcohol (elemane-type, shared with elemi)

Sesquiterpene-alcohol-dominance rail: Bulnesol 40.5% + guaiol 26.8% + 10-epi-γ-eudesmol 2.2% + guaiol isomer 1.4% + elemol 1.2% = 72.1% combined sesquiterpene alcohols — among the most sesquiterpene-alcohol-concentrated oils in B216 Ch.13; exceeds sandalwood-east-indian (α+β-santalol ~65–80%), patchouli (patchoulol 30–40% + other sesquiterpene alcohols ~60–70%), vetiver (khusimol + vetiverol ~40–50%). Pure-sesquiterpene-alcohol-wood chemotype signature.

Bulnesol-unique-marker rail: Bulnesol (4-isopropyl-1,6-dimethyl-1,2,3,4,4a,5,8,8a-octahydronaphthalen-1-ol, bulnesane-type sesquiterpene alcohol) is unique to genus Bulnesia — not found in other commercial EOs. Strongest single-constituent authenticity marker in B216 Ch.13. GC-MS bulnesol peak detection = definitive guaiacwood authentication.

Guaiol cross-family marker rail: Guaiol (guaiane-type sesquiterpene alcohol) shared signature class:

  • Gum guaiac (Guaiacum officinale, same family Zygophyllaceae, older resin material, historical source of "guaiac" wood reagent for medical stool-blood testing)
  • [[patchouli]] (EO072, Lamiaceae, trace guaiol alongside patchoulol dominant)
  • Some [[cedarwood]] variants (minor guaiol fraction)

Sesquiterpene-alcohol-wood-class cross-family rail: Bulnesol + guaiol combined 67.3% sesquiterpene-alcohol-wood signature class:

  • [[sandalwood-east-indian]] (α+β-santalol 40–55% + 25–35% dominant)
  • [[sandalwood-australian]] / [[sandalwood-new-caledonian]] (santalol variants)
  • [[amyris]] (valerianol + β-eudesmol)
  • [[patchouli]] (EO072, patchoulol 30–40% + norpatchoulenol)
  • [[vetiver]] (EO073, khusimol + vetiverol + α-vetivone)
  • [[cedarwood-virginian]] (EO069, cedrol + thujopsene)
  • [[cedarwood-atlas]] (EO070, atlantones + atlantol)

Zygophyllaceae-singleton chemotaxonomy rail: Guaiacwood is the only Zygophyllaceae family EO in B216 Ch.13; no family-level generalized safety pattern — individual-oil data class. Family otherwise known for creosote-bush (Larrea tridentata, nordihydroguaiaretic-acid lignan-rich) + caltrop (Tribulus terrestris, saponin-rich) + puncture vine — none commercially distilled for EO.

Công Dụng Trị Liệu Chi Tiết
§10 Therapeutic Uses — skin, emotional, physical, respiratory

Modern aromatherapy + perfumery uses (commercial "budget sandalwood substitute" role):

  • Skin / wood-rose emollient — sesquiterpene-alcohol wood character similar to sandalwood applications (dry/mature skin blending; anti-inflammatory constituent signal at wood-alcohol class level)
  • Emotional / grounding — "dry wood meditative" accord for anxiety + stress + grounding; aromatherapy tradition treats guaiacwood as sandalwood-class ceremonial wood
  • Perfumery — base-note fixative + warm woody-rosy nuance + commercial sandalwood extender in compounding; extensive use in woody + ambery + leather accord construction
  • Blending — complements [[sandalwood-east-indian]] + [[amyris]] + [[patchouli]] EO072 + [[cedarwood-atlas]] EO070 + [[vetiver]] EO073 in base accord
  • Ritual / spiritual — South American (Paraguayan + Argentine Chaco region) indigenous ceremonial wood-burning tradition (NOT steam-distilled EO — whole-wood incense; see EO-vs-whole-wood rail below)

Note on plant vs oil (EO-vs-whole-wood rail): Traditional South American Chaco region ceremonial + medicinal wood-burning (incense + smudge) uses whole heartwood chips — volatile smoke phase contains bulnesol + guaiol alongside non-volatile resin-tar + particulate-matter + combustion products (different inhalation pharmacology from steam-distilled EO). Do NOT conflate ceremonial wood-smoke aromatherapy with EO dermal/inhalation applications. Same disambiguation rail applies to:

  • [[palo-santo]] (Bursera graveolens, unrelated Burseraceae "palo santo" whole-wood smudge tradition)
  • [[frankincense]] (resin-burning vs steam-distilled EO)
  • [[myrrh]] (resin-burning vs EO)
  • [[agarwood]] (oud-chip burning vs steam-distilled oud EO)

Guaiacwood whole-wood ceremonial burning = Chaco ethnobotany tradition; guaiacwood EO = perfumery-aromatherapy commodity with clean T&Y safety profile.

Năng Lượng & Ngũ Hành
§11 Energetics — TCM, Ayurveda, aromatic energetics
  • TCM affinity: Spleen + Lung + Kidney channels (grounding sesquiterpene-alcohol wood class)
  • Five-element: Thổ (Earth) primary via grounding + warm-dry wood + Kim (Metal) secondary via respiratory + Mộc (Wood) tertiary via plant-part wood
  • Ayurvedic dosha: Vata-reducing (warm + grounding + oily), Kapha-neutral-to-mild-aggravating, Pitta-neutral
  • Planetary: Venus (rosy-warm-wood nuance) / Saturn (heartwood + tree-longevity heritage)

Dữ Liệu Kỹ Thuật Y Khoa

§14 Renderer Contract — Tisserand & Young V2.2

Luận Giải Văn Cảnh

hazards

hazards: []

storage

oxidation_risk: low

dilution

max_dilution_adult: 5

botanical

latin_name: Bulnesia sarmientoi Lorentz ex Griseb

chemistry

dominant_constituent: Bulnesol

commercial

availability: limited_CITES_appendix_II_bulk_trade_regulated_finished_retail_exempt

oil_metadata

slug: guaiacwood

safety_flags

phototoxic: FALSE

Tài Liệu Y Khoa Tham Khảo

  • Tisserand R, Young R (2014). Essential Oil Safety: A Guide for Health Care Professionals (2nd ed.), Ch. 13 p. 611. Guaiacwood monograph: hazards + contraindications verbatim "None known"; chemistry cite Prudent et al 1991; safety cite Opdyke 1974 + Rudzki 1976 + Bär & Griepentrog 1967 + Oser 1965; CITES Appendix II explicit Comments.
  • Prudent D, Perineau F, Bessiere JM, Michel GM, Baccou JC (1991). Bulnesia sarmientoi GC-MS composition — Prudent et al 1991 published analysis cited in B216. Bulnesol + guaiol dominant sesquiterpene-alcohol profile.
  • Opdyke DLJ (1974). Monographs on fragrance raw materials — guaiacwood oil. Food & Cosmetics Toxicology 12 p.905. HRIPT (8% on 25 volunteers non-sensitizing + non-irritant), undiluted rabbit irritation, LD50 > 5 g/kg oral + dermal, non-phototoxic.
  • Rudzki E, Grzywa Z, Bruo WS (1976). Sensitivity to 35 essential oils — patch testing 200 consecutive dermatitis patients. Contact Dermatitis 2:196–200. 0/200 guaiacwood 2% sensitization — among strongest no-sensitization datasets in B216 Ch.13.
  • Bär VF, Griepentrog F (1967). Die Situation in der gesundheitlichen Beurteilung der Aromatisierungsmittel für Lebensmittel. Medicine et Nutrition 3:411–427. 90-day rat feeding NOAEL 31.8 mg/kg.
  • Oser BL, Carson S, Cox GE, Vogin EE, Sternberg SS (1965). Chronic toxicity study of cyclamate : saccharin (10 : 1) in rats — related 90-day guaiacwood 30.7 mg/kg (male) + 36.0 mg/kg (female) feeding study data cited in B216.
  • CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora). Bulnesia sarmientoi Appendix II listing — bulk trade regulated, finished retail products exempt.