Goldenrod oil (Solidago canadensis, Asteraceae flowering-herb steam-distillate) is a bornyl-acetate + sabinene + (+)-limonene triple-dominance oil with one of the cleanest Tisserand & Young profiles in B216 Ch.13 — no known hazards, no known contraindications. 13-compound monoterpene-dominant signature: bornyl acetate 19.5% + sabinene 18.8% + (+)-limonene 17.8% + α-phellandrene 11.9% + β-myrcene 9.4% = top-5 constituents = 77.4% of total composition. Framework caps apply: adult dermal 5.0% + sensitive 3.0% + pregnancy all trimesters 5.0% + pediatric cascade + max_oral 700 mg/day. Only safety variable is IFRA 2009 limonene-peroxide class generalization (17.8% (+)-limonene) — BHT 0.1% / α-tocopherol at production recommended. Limited availability per T&Y Comments. Closes Mini-Batch 20a clean-trio profile (ghandi-root + ginger-lily absolute + goldenrod — 2 of 3 have "none known" hazards; ginger-lily is the outlier via isoeugenol restriction).
Tổng Quan
- Danh pháp khoa học
- Solidago canadensis L.
- Họ thực vật
- Asteraceae
- Bộ phận dùng
- Flowering herb
- Phương pháp chiết xuất
- steam_distillation
- Màu sắc
- —
- Phân loại nốt hương
- Nốt Middle
- Hương thơm
- —
- Chemotype / Cultivar
- —
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Sunlit meadow herbs in midsummer warmth, crisp balsamic sweetness of fir needles, bright citrus-lifted wildflower, gentle piney resinous edge, clean dry herbal clarity
Thảo mộc đồng cỏ ngập nắng hè, balsamic ngọt giòn gợi nhánh thông tươi, hoa dại tươi sáng thoảng citrus, viền nhựa thông nhẹ nhàng, trong lành thảo mộc khô
2–4 giờ
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Pha Chế & Hòa Hợp
Bornyl acetate (dominant ester constituent) relaxes smooth and skeletal muscle via monoterpene ester-class parasympathomimetic modulation, reducing spasm and cramp in both respiratory and musculoskeletal tissue.
Ref: Tisserand & Young 2014, Ch.13 p.607-608; Opdyke DLJ 1973 (bornyl acetate, Food & Cosmetics Toxicology 11:1041-1042)
Bornyl acetate and sabinene synergise to facilitate mucociliary clearance in upper airways, a property characteristic of bornyl-acetate-dominant Asteraceae and conifer-needle EOs in the same chemotaxonomic cluster.
Ref: class-extrapolation from inula (bornyl acetate 46.1%, EO746) and fir-needle-siberian (EO724); Tisserand & Young 2014, Ch.13 p.607-608
Ester hydrolysis of bornyl acetate releases borneol which inhibits COX and LOX inflammatory pathways; sabinene contributes additional anti-inflammatory activity as a monoterpene hydrocarbon constituent.
Ref: class-extrapolation from bornyl acetate class peers; Tisserand & Young 2014, Ch.13 p.607-608
Bornyl acetate ester class produces counter-irritant and mild peripheral analgesic effects on topical application, modulating nociceptor signalling in superficial tissue.
Ref: class-extrapolation from bornyl acetate class peers (balsam-poplar EO687, inula EO746)
(+)-Limonene, a significant minor constituent, induces phase-2 detoxification enzymes and suppresses tumour cell proliferation in vitro via HMG-CoA reductase modulation and apoptotic pathway activation.
Ref: Tisserand & Young 2014, Ch.14 (+)-Limonene profile; referenced within Ch.13 goldenrod monograph p.607-608
German Commission E approves Solidaginis herba (whole-plant aqueous extract) for urinary-tract supportive diuresis; responsible non-volatile flavonoids and saponins are absent in the steam-distilled EO — this action does NOT apply to goldenrod EO.
Ref: German Commission E Monograph — Solidaginis herba; EO-vs-herbal disambiguation per Tisserand & Young 2014, Ch.13 p.607-608
AI-summary
No RCT-grade clinical evidence exists for goldenrod (Solidago canadensis) steam-distilled EO. German Commission E endorsement of Solidaginis herba for urinary-tract supportive therapy applies to the whole-plant aqueous extract only; non-volatile flavonoids and saponins responsible for plant-level diuretic activity are absent in the steam-distilled EO — direct extrapolation is invalid. Constituent-level evidence: bornyl acetate non-toxicity established by Opdyke 1973 (Food & Cosmetics Toxicology 11:1041-1042); (+)-limonene anticarcinogenic activity supported by in-vitro/animal studies in Tisserand & Young 2014, Ch.14; latent oxidation sensitisation risk documented by Karlberg et al 1992/1994. All therapeutic ratings are traditional or constituent-class-extrapolation grade (≤3/5).
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| Phương pháp | Liều lượng | Ghi chú |
|---|---|---|
| Diffusion | 3-5 drops in 100 ml water | Fresh balsamic-herbaceous aroma for respiratory support and air freshening. Run diffuser 30-60 min with 30 min break. Suitable for shared spaces; no pediatric-face restrictions at ambient diffusion. |
| Topical massage | 1-2% in carrier oil (1-2 drops per 5 ml carrier) | Apply to chest, upper back, or affected musculoskeletal area. Well within the 5% framework max. Adults 2%; reduce to 1% for elderly. Targets antispasmodic and anti-inflammatory benefit. |
| Steam inhalation | 2-3 drops in bowl of near-boiling water | Inhale 5-10 min, eyes closed, towel draped over head. For upper-respiratory congestion. Avoid in children under 5 and asthma sufferers; discontinue if irritation occurs. |
| Bath | 4-6 drops pre-dispersed in 1 tsp carrier oil | Pre-dilute in carrier before adding to bath to prevent undispersed skin contact. Supports muscle relaxation and antispasmodic benefit. Avoid in early pregnancy as general EO bath precaution. |
| Compress | 3-5 drops in 100 ml warm water via cloth | Warm compress over chest for respiratory use; over joints or muscles for antispasmodic/analgesic benefit. Replace cloth when cooled. Avoid on broken or acutely inflamed skin. |
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