SYMELab
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Cúc hoàng

Goldenrod

Solidago canadensis L.

MiddleThảo mộc

Thảo mộc đồng cỏ ngập nắng hè, balsamic ngọt giòn gợi nhánh thông tươi, hoa dại tươi sáng thoảng citrus, viền nhựa thông nhẹ nhàng, trong lành thảo mộc khô

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Tóm Tắt Khoa Học

Từ Thư Viện Kinh Điển

Goldenrod oil (Solidago canadensis, Asteraceae flowering-herb steam-distillate) is a bornyl-acetate + sabinene + (+)-limonene triple-dominance oil with one of the cleanest Tisserand & Young profiles in B216 Ch.13 — no known hazards, no known contraindications. 13-compound monoterpene-dominant signature: bornyl acetate 19.5% + sabinene 18.8% + (+)-limonene 17.8% + α-phellandrene 11.9% + β-myrcene 9.4% = top-5 constituents = 77.4% of total composition. Framework caps apply: adult dermal 5.0% + sensitive 3.0% + pregnancy all trimesters 5.0% + pediatric cascade + max_oral 700 mg/day. Only safety variable is IFRA 2009 limonene-peroxide class generalization (17.8% (+)-limonene) — BHT 0.1% / α-tocopherol at production recommended. Limited availability per T&Y Comments. Closes Mini-Batch 20a clean-trio profile (ghandi-root + ginger-lily absolute + goldenrod — 2 of 3 have "none known" hazards; ginger-lily is the outlier via isoeugenol restriction).

🌿
Thận trọngNốt MiddleHerbaceous

Goldenrod

Cúc hoàng (Canada)

Solidago canadensis L.

Cúc hoàng (Canada) — Herbaceous

⚠️Tinh dầu này cần thận trọng khi sử dụng. Đọc kỹ hướng dẫn an toàn.

Tổng Quan

Danh pháp khoa học
Solidago canadensis L.
Họ thực vật
Asteraceae
Bộ phận dùng
Flowering herb
Phương pháp chiết xuất
steam_distillation
Màu sắc
Phân loại nốt hương
Nốt Middle
Hương thơm
Chemotype / Cultivar

Các quốc gia sản xuất chính

CanadaUnited StatesEurope

Tình trạng tại Việt Nam

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Phân loại nốt
Middle
Cường độ
3/5
Độ bền trên da
2–4 giờ
Họ hương
Herbaceous
Hương đầu (Opening)(0–15 phút)

Sunlit meadow herbs in midsummer warmth, crisp balsamic sweetness of fir needles, bright citrus-lifted wildflower, gentle piney resinous edge, clean dry herbal clarity

Hương giữa (Heart)(15–60 phút)

Thảo mộc đồng cỏ ngập nắng hè, balsamic ngọt giòn gợi nhánh thông tươi, hoa dại tươi sáng thoảng citrus, viền nhựa thông nhẹ nhàng, trong lành thảo mộc khô

Hương nền (Drydown)(1–4 giờ)

2–4 giờ

Cường độ hương
3/5
Da khô
3/5

Da dầu/mụn
2/5

Da lão hóa
3/5

Da thường
3/5

Da nhạy cảm
4/5

Da hỗn hợp
3/5

Nhập khẩuImported

Tên gọi tại Việt Nam

Cúc hoàng (Canada)

Pha Chế & Hòa Hợp

Antispasmodic

Bornyl acetate (dominant ester constituent) relaxes smooth and skeletal muscle via monoterpene ester-class parasympathomimetic modulation, reducing spasm and cramp in both respiratory and musculoskeletal tissue.

Ref: Tisserand & Young 2014, Ch.13 p.607-608; Opdyke DLJ 1973 (bornyl acetate, Food & Cosmetics Toxicology 11:1041-1042)

Expectorant

Bornyl acetate and sabinene synergise to facilitate mucociliary clearance in upper airways, a property characteristic of bornyl-acetate-dominant Asteraceae and conifer-needle EOs in the same chemotaxonomic cluster.

Ref: class-extrapolation from inula (bornyl acetate 46.1%, EO746) and fir-needle-siberian (EO724); Tisserand & Young 2014, Ch.13 p.607-608

Anti-inflammatory

Ester hydrolysis of bornyl acetate releases borneol which inhibits COX and LOX inflammatory pathways; sabinene contributes additional anti-inflammatory activity as a monoterpene hydrocarbon constituent.

Ref: class-extrapolation from bornyl acetate class peers; Tisserand & Young 2014, Ch.13 p.607-608

Mild analgesic

Bornyl acetate ester class produces counter-irritant and mild peripheral analgesic effects on topical application, modulating nociceptor signalling in superficial tissue.

Ref: class-extrapolation from bornyl acetate class peers (balsam-poplar EO687, inula EO746)

Anticarcinogenic constituent class (in vitro)

(+)-Limonene, a significant minor constituent, induces phase-2 detoxification enzymes and suppresses tumour cell proliferation in vitro via HMG-CoA reductase modulation and apoptotic pathway activation.

Ref: Tisserand & Young 2014, Ch.14 (+)-Limonene profile; referenced within Ch.13 goldenrod monograph p.607-608

Diuretic (herbal extract only — NOT EO claim)

German Commission E approves Solidaginis herba (whole-plant aqueous extract) for urinary-tract supportive diuresis; responsible non-volatile flavonoids and saponins are absent in the steam-distilled EO — this action does NOT apply to goldenrod EO.

Ref: German Commission E Monograph — Solidaginis herba; EO-vs-herbal disambiguation per Tisserand & Young 2014, Ch.13 p.607-608

AI-summary

No RCT-grade clinical evidence exists for goldenrod (Solidago canadensis) steam-distilled EO. German Commission E endorsement of Solidaginis herba for urinary-tract supportive therapy applies to the whole-plant aqueous extract only; non-volatile flavonoids and saponins responsible for plant-level diuretic activity are absent in the steam-distilled EO — direct extrapolation is invalid. Constituent-level evidence: bornyl acetate non-toxicity established by Opdyke 1973 (Food & Cosmetics Toxicology 11:1041-1042); (+)-limonene anticarcinogenic activity supported by in-vitro/animal studies in Tisserand & Young 2014, Ch.14; latent oxidation sensitisation risk documented by Karlberg et al 1992/1994. All therapeutic ratings are traditional or constituent-class-extrapolation grade (≤3/5).

Narrative

Tâm trạng: Uplifting, Balancing

clarityrenewaloptimismresiliencegroundednessfocus

Chakra

solar

Ngũ hành

moc

Phương phápLiều lượngGhi chú
Diffusion3-5 drops in 100 ml waterFresh balsamic-herbaceous aroma for respiratory support and air freshening. Run diffuser 30-60 min with 30 min break. Suitable for shared spaces; no pediatric-face restrictions at ambient diffusion.
Topical massage1-2% in carrier oil (1-2 drops per 5 ml carrier)Apply to chest, upper back, or affected musculoskeletal area. Well within the 5% framework max. Adults 2%; reduce to 1% for elderly. Targets antispasmodic and anti-inflammatory benefit.
Steam inhalation2-3 drops in bowl of near-boiling waterInhale 5-10 min, eyes closed, towel draped over head. For upper-respiratory congestion. Avoid in children under 5 and asthma sufferers; discontinue if irritation occurs.
Bath4-6 drops pre-dispersed in 1 tsp carrier oilPre-dilute in carrier before adding to bath to prevent undispersed skin contact. Supports muscle relaxation and antispasmodic benefit. Avoid in early pregnancy as general EO bath precaution.
Compress3-5 drops in 100 ml warm water via clothWarm compress over chest for respiratory use; over joints or muscles for antispasmodic/analgesic benefit. Replace cloth when cooled. Avoid on broken or acutely inflamed skin.

Dầu nền phù hợp

JojobaChemically stable wax ester; long shelf life complements goldenrod's latent (+)-limonene oxidation risk by providing an inert, non-oxidising base that does not accelerate peroxide formation.
Sweet almond oilLightweight oleic-rich carrier ideal for chest and musculoskeletal massage; neutral aroma allows goldenrod's distinctive balsamic-herbaceous scent profile to remain prominent.
Fractionated coconut oilNon-greasy, fast-absorbing MCT base with low comedogenic rating; well-suited for body massage and sports applications targeting goldenrod's antispasmodic and analgesic actions.
Argan oilNatural vitamin E (tocopherol) content helps stabilise (+)-limonene against autoxidation per IFRA 2009 antioxidant mandate, extending topical blend shelf life.

Kết hợp tốt với

CitrusWoodyResinousCamphoraceousGreen

Blend kinh điển

Chưa có dữ liệu tham khảo.

An Toàn

Giới hạn da tối đa

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Giới hạn IFRA

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Thai kỳ & Cho con bú

Tam cá nguyệt 1Unknown
Tam cá nguyệt 2Unknown
Tam cá nguyệt 3Unknown

Giới hạn độ tuổi

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Bảo quản

Bảo quản nơi tối, mát

Thông tin chỉ mang tính tham khảo, không thay thế tư vấn y tế chuyên nghiệp. SYMELab v2.0

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Hồ Sơ Hoá Học Chi Tiết
§3 Chemical Profile — chemotype, constituent ranges, adulteration

Per Rondeau 1999 (private communication, cited in B216 Ch.13 p.607):

Constituent%Role
Bornyl acetate19.5%Dominant monoterpene ester (non-toxic per Opdyke 1973)
Sabinene18.8%Dominant monoterpene hydrocarbon
(+)-Limonene17.8%Dominant monoterpene hydrocarbon (anticarcinogenic)
α-Phellandrene11.9%Monoterpene hydrocarbon
β-Myrcene9.4%Monoterpene hydrocarbon
γ-Terpinene4.2%Monoterpene hydrocarbon
Terpinolene4.2%Monoterpene hydrocarbon
β-Pinene2.8%Monoterpene hydrocarbon
Borneol2.0%Monoterpene alcohol (bornyl acetate hydrolysis pair)
Linalool1.9%Monoterpene alcohol
p-Cymene1.2%Monoterpene hydrocarbon
Bornyl benzoate1.1%Monoterpene ester (rare)
Terpinen-4-ol1.1%Monoterpene alcohol

Triple-dominance rail: Bornyl acetate 19.5% + sabinene 18.8% + (+)-limonene 17.8% = 56.1% combined top-3 constituents; no single dominant-constituent > 20%. This balanced triple-dominance is unusual in B216 Ch.13 — most oils have one >30% dominant. Places the oil in a balanced monoterpene-hydrocarbon + monoterpene-ester chemotype.

Bornyl-acetate-ester class rail: 19.5% bornyl acetate + 1.1% bornyl benzoate + 2.0% borneol (ester-hydrolysis pair) = ~22.6% bornyl-pattern ester/alcohol. Shared signature class with:

  • [[pine-scots]] (Pinus sylvestris, bornyl acetate secondary)
  • [[fir-needle-siberian]] (EO724, bornyl acetate 23–33% dominant from 18b batch)
  • [[fir-needle-silver]] (EO725, bornyl acetate dominant)
  • [[spruce-black]] / [[spruce-white]] (bornyl acetate high)
  • [[juniper-berry]] (minor bornyl acetate)
  • [[cypress-mediterranean]] (minor)

Sabinene-rich secondary rail: 18.8% sabinene shared class with:

  • [[nutmeg]] (sabinene 14–22%)
  • [[juniper-berry]] (α-pinene + sabinene dominant)
  • [[carrot-seed]] (sabinene secondary)
  • [[bay-laurel]] (sabinene 5–12%)

Asteraceae tribe Astereae chemotaxonomy rail: Tribe Astereae (goldenrods + asters) is distinct from tribe Asteroideae (chamomile + yarrow + tansy + fleabane EO726). Both tribes in family Asteraceae; Astereae is generally more monoterpene-dominated vs Asteroideae's sesquiterpene-marker heritage (matricaria ester, chamazulene, thujone). Goldenrod is the first commercial tribe Astereae oil in Mini-Batch 20a context.

Công Dụng Trị Liệu Chi Tiết
§10 Therapeutic Uses — skin, emotional, physical, respiratory

Goldenrod has extensive traditional herbal use in European + Native American ethnobotany (whole-plant tea + tincture for urinary + respiratory support + kidney stones + wound healing) — EO is a more recent, niche commercial product. Modern aromatherapy uses:

  • Urinary + kidney support — anecdotal French aromatherapy literature (diluted massage over lumbar region at 2–3%; mechanism attributed to diuretic constituents in whole-plant tincture, NOT the steam-distilled EO — see EO-vs-herbal rail below)
  • Respiratory — inhaler + chest-rub blending (pine-balsamic accord)
  • Emotional — "uplifting hay-like green" accord; anecdotal stress-release in Asteraceae floral tradition
  • Blending — pine-balsamic character complements fir-needle trio + juniper-berry in woodsy accord construction
  • Anticarcinogenic constituent-level signal — (+)-limonene 17.8% in-vitro anticarcinogenic activity per Ch.14 — RESEARCH-FRONTIER ONLY, NOT CLINICAL CANCER CLAIM. Do not recommend goldenrod EO as cancer therapy.

Note on plant vs oil (EO-vs-herbal-extract rail): Goldenrod herb (dried whole plant + infusion + tincture + whole-plant extract standardized to flavonoids like rutin + quercetin + saponins like virgaureasaponin) has centuries of traditional + modern phytotherapy use, particularly in German Commission E monographs for urinary-tract-infection supportive treatment (Solidaginis herba — flavonoids + phenolic acids + saponins non-volatile). These bioactive non-volatile compounds do NOT distill over — do NOT extrapolate traditional urinary-phytotherapy applications to the EO. This is the same EO-vs-herbal disambiguation rail established for:

  • [[feverfew]] (EO717) parthenolide
  • [[galangal-lesser]] (EO730) galangin flavonoid
  • [[ghandi-root]] (EO733, THIS batch 20a) Sugandhmantri alkaloids + polysaccharides
  • [[ginger]] gingerols/shogaols (rhizome-phenolic non-volatile)
  • [[boldo]] (EO692) boldine alkaloid

Whole goldenrod herb = urinary-phytotherapy tradition; goldenrod EO = fragrance/aromatherapy commodity with different pharmacology.

Năng Lượng & Ngũ Hành
§11 Energetics — TCM, Ayurveda, aromatic energetics
  • TCM affinity: Kidney + Bladder + Lung channels (urinary-system folk-heritage)
  • Five-element: Thủy (Water) primary via kidney/urinary heritage + Kim (Metal) secondary via respiratory pine-balsamic + Thổ (Earth) tertiary via Asteraceae heritage
  • Ayurvedic dosha: Kapha-reducing (dispersing, drying), Vata-neutral, Pitta-neutral-to-mild-aggravating in high doses
  • Planetary: Venus (yellow-flower signature) / Saturn (urinary-cleansing folk-heritage)

Dữ Liệu Kỹ Thuật Y Khoa

§14 Renderer Contract — Tisserand & Young V2.2

Luận Giải Văn Cảnh

hazards

hazards: ['skin_sensitization_if_oxidized_limonene_class']

storage

oxidation_risk: medium

dilution

max_dilution_adult: 5

botanical

latin_name: Solidago canadensis L

chemistry

dominant_constituent: Bornyl acetate

commercial

availability: limited

oil_metadata

slug: goldenrod

safety_flags

phototoxic: FALSE

Tài Liệu Y Khoa Tham Khảo

  • Tisserand R, Young R (2014). Essential Oil Safety: A Guide for Health Care Professionals (2nd ed.), Ch. 13 p. 607–608. Goldenrod monograph: hazards + contraindications + chemistry cite Rondeau 1999 + bornyl acetate non-toxic cite Opdyke 1973 p.1041–1042 + (+)-limonene anticarcinogenic cite Ch.14 (+)-Limonene profile.
  • Rondeau L (1999). Private communication cited in B216 — Solidago canadensis commercial GC-MS composition (Quebec/Canadian origin).
  • Opdyke DLJ (1973). Monographs on fragrance raw materials — bornyl acetate. Food & Cosmetics Toxicology 11:1041–1042. Non-toxicity foundation for bornyl acetate safety class.
  • Kodama R, et al (1977a, 1977b). (+)-Limonene developmental toxicity studies in rabbits + mice (low reproductive toxicity) — cited in B216 Ch.14 (+)-Limonene profile, pregnancy-safe framework foundation.
  • Karlberg AT, et al (1992, 1994). (+)-Limonene autoxidation → peroxides → contact sensitization class-evidence supporting IFRA 2009 antioxidant mandate.
  • IFRA (International Fragrance Association) 2009 Standards. Limonene peroxide antioxidant mandate (BHT 0.1% or α-tocopherol at production).
  • German Commission E Monograph — Solidaginis herba. Whole-plant phytotherapy for urinary-tract supportive treatment (herb, NOT EO — cited for EO-vs-herbal disambiguation rail).