- Pelargonium x asperum Ehrh. ex Willd. — Moroccan chemotype (1 trong 4 origin chemotypes). Shared safety block với Chinese/Egyptian/Reunion.
- Hazards: Drug interaction + Skin sensitization (low risk). Contraindications: None known dermal. Oral caution: diabetes meds + CYP2B6.
- Moroccan profile (Lawrence 1989/1996f/1999a): citronellol 18.6–37.8% + geraniol 15.1–20.6% + linalool 5.6–10% + citronellyl formate 5.5–8.1%.
- Max dermal 17.5% T&Y (SYMELab 5%); non-phototoxic (Opdyke 1975 p.451).
- Moroccan = cheaper industrial chemotype; olfactorily "mintier" due highest linalool (5.6–10%); often confused với "Algerian geranium" (same cultivar group, Atlas Mountains region).
Tổng Quan
- Danh pháp khoa học
- Pelargonium x asperum Ehrh. ex Willd.
- Họ thực vật
- Geraniaceae
- Bộ phận dùng
- —
- Phương pháp chiết xuất
- steam_distillation
- Màu sắc
- —
- Phân loại nốt hương
- Nốt Middle
- Hương thơm
- —
- Chemotype / Cultivar
- —
Tình trạng tại Việt Nam
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Phân loại nốt
Middle
Cường độ
3/5
Độ bền trên da
2–4 giờ
Họ hương
Rosy-green-minty
Hương đầu (Opening)(0–15 phút)
Bright rose-petal freshness with a cool minty lift, dewy florals laid over a crisp green-herb bed, luminous and sweet yet herbaceously clean, lightly citrus-kissed at the edge, open and airy
Hương giữa (Heart)(15–60 phút)
Hoa hồng tươi sáng phảng phất hơi bạc hà the mát, cánh hoa ngậm sương trải trên nền thảo mộc xanh trong, ngọt dịu mà tinh khôi rực sáng, thoảng chút cam tươi nhẹ ở cạnh, khoáng đạt và nhẹ nhàng
Hương nền (Drydown)(1–4 giờ)
2–4 giờ
Cường độ hương
3/5
Da khô
3/5
Da dầu/mụn
5/5
Da lão hóa
4/5
Da thường
4/5
Da nhạy cảm
2/5
Da hỗn hợp
5/5
Nhập khẩuImported
Tên gọi tại Việt Nam
Tinh dầu phong lữ Maroc (Geranium Moroccan chemotype)
Pha Chế & Hòa Hợp
antimicrobial — Gram+ and Gram-
Citronellol and geraniol, which dominate the Moroccan chemotype GC-MS profile (Lawrence 1989, 1996f, 1999a), disrupt bacterial cell membranes and inhibit membrane-associated enzyme activity across Gram+ and Gram- strains.
Ref: Boukhris et al. (2012) [via B216]; Tisserand & Young 2014, Ch.13 p.600–602
antifungal
Geraniol and citronellyl esters inhibit fungal hyphal elongation by disrupting ergosterol-dependent membrane integrity; in-vitro activity reported for Moroccan chemotype.
Ref: Boukhris et al. (2012) [via B216]; Tisserand & Young 2014, Ch.13 p.600–602
anxiolytic / nervous sedative
Linalool (minor constituent) modulates GABA-A receptor activity; citronellol contributes autonomic calming via the olfactory–limbic pathway on inhalation.
Ref: Tisserand & Young 2014, Ch.13 p.600–602
sebum-balancing / astringent
Terpene alcohols (citronellol, geraniol) constrict pores and modulate sebaceous secretion on topical application; widely accepted traditional skin-tonic mechanism.
Ref: Tucker & Debaggio 2000 p.433 [via B216]; Tisserand & Young 2014, Ch.13 p.600–602
anti-inflammatory
Geraniol suppresses NF-κB–mediated pro-inflammatory cytokine cascade; effect is class-extrapolated from geraniol constituent data, not confirmed by a Moroccan-specific study.
Ref: class-extrapolation from geraniol constituent literature; Tisserand & Young 2014, Ch.13 p.600–602
cicatrisant / skin-regenerative
Traditional claim: terpene alcohols promote keratinocyte proliferation and wound contraction; no controlled clinical study available in the cited sources.
Ref: Tucker & Debaggio 2000 p.433 [via B216]; Tisserand & Young 2014, Ch.13 p.600–602
haemostatic
Traditional astringent action on superficial capillary walls attributed to geraniol and citronellol; mechanism not confirmed by controlled studies in available citations.
Ref: Tucker & Debaggio 2000 p.433 [via B216]; Tisserand & Young 2014, Ch.13 p.600–602
AI-summary
Boukhris et al. (2012) [via B216] characterised the composition of Moroccan-chemotype Pelargonium x asperum and demonstrated in-vitro antimicrobial activity against bacterial and fungal strains, consistent with the high citronellol content documented by Lawrence (1989, 1996f, 1999a) GC-MS profiling. Opdyke (1975) provides foundational safety-monograph data. No RCT-grade human clinical trials for therapeutic endpoints (anxiety, wound healing, skin-balancing) are present in the §13 citations. Patch-test sensitisation series — Frosch et al. (1995a), Sugiura et al. (2000), Rudzki et al. (1976), Larsen et al. (2001) — confirm low but non-zero contact-sensitisation risk at undiluted concentrations; Tisserand & Young (2014) set a 5.0% adult dermal maximum. Evidence base: in-vitro antimicrobial support plus traditional aromatherapy use; no RCT-grade clinical evidence for therapeutic indications.
NarrativeTâm trạng: Balancing, Uplifting
anxietybalancegriefself-confidenceharmonynurturing
Chakra
heart
Ngũ hành
moc
| Phương pháp | Liều lượng | Ghi chú |
|---|---|---|
| Diffusion | 3–5 drops per 100 ml water | Run 30-min on / 30-min off to avoid olfactory fatigue. Effective for anxiolytic and mood-balancing use. Blends well with bergamot, clary sage, and cedarwood. |
| Topical massage | 1–2.5% in carrier oil (max 5.0% adult dermal cap) | Use jojoba or sweet almond carrier. Patch-test mandatory — sensitisation risk confirmed by Frosch et al. 1995a and Sugiura et al. 2000. Avoid undiluted contact with skin. |
| Skincare — face serum or cream | 0.5–1% in finished leave-on product | Ideal for oily and combination skin sebum-balancing. Keep ≤1% in leave-on facial products given sensitisation potential. Avoid eye area. |
| Inhalation — direct or steam | 2–3 drops on tissue or in steam bowl | 5–10 min inhalation for emotional and nervous system support. Not recommended for children under 2; confirm via oil safety profile. |
| Bath | 4–6 drops pre-dispersed in 1 tsp unscented bath gel | Emulsify before adding to water to prevent neat oil contact with mucous membranes. Keep dilution below 5%. Not for children under 3 without professional guidance. |
Dầu nền phù hợp
JojobaLiquid-wax structure mimics skin sebum, pairing ideally with geranium's sebum-balancing action for oily and combination skin; very long shelf life reduces oxidation risk.
Sweet Almond OilLight, non-greasy emollient suits geranium's floral-green character; good all-round carrier for dry-to-normal skin massage applications.
Rosehip Seed OilHigh linoleic acid complements geranium's cicatrisant and skin-regenerative traditional actions, particularly for mature or post-scarring skin.
Argan OilOleic and linoleic acid balance enhances skin-conditioning and barrier-repair properties of geranium blends for dry and mature skin formulations.
Kết hợp tốt với
FloralCitrusHerbaceousWoodyResinous
Blend kinh điển
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[Tisserand & Young] Ch.13 p.600–602
[Lawrence, B. M.] Moroccan chemotype GC-MS [via B216]
[Opdyke, D. L. J.] Geranium Moroccan p.451 [via B216]
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