Tổng Quan
- Danh pháp khoa học
- *Pelargonium x asperum* Ehrh. ex Willd. (syn. *Pelargonium graveolens* L'Hér. ex Aiton — commercial INCI/trade name; CAS 8000-46-2)
- Họ thực vật
- Geraniaceae
- Bộ phận dùng
- Fresh aerial parts (leaves + stems + flower buds) — 2 harvests/year: first cut May–June (spring, at
- Phương pháp chiết xuất
- Steam distillation of fresh/partially dried aerial herbage; traditional Egyptian distillation using
- Màu sắc
- Pale yellow to amber-yellow; slightly deeper colour than Chinese grade; mobile liquid; some batches have a very faint greenish tinge in fresh-distilled material
- Phân loại nốt hương
- Nốt Top
- Hương thơm
- Middle note; complex rosy-floral with notable "citrus-sharpness" and "clean green" character; intermediate between Bourbon (richer, more honeyed-rosy) and Chinese (greener, mintier); distinctive citrus-clean topnote from citronellol + rose oxide combination; geraniol-forward midnote adds warm honeyed-floral depth; dries down to soft green-woody-earthy base; more elegant and less "heavy" than Bourbon; more refined and more "rosy" than Chinese
- Chemotype / Cultivar
- Egyptian chemotype — distinct GC/MS identity from Chinese (Entry #025) and Bourbon (Réunion):
Các quốc gia sản xuất chính
Tình trạng tại Việt Nam
⭐⭐⭐★☆ — imported; Egyptian grade is available from specialist aromatherapy suppliers and online platforms in Vietnam; slightly harder to find and more expensive than Chinese grade; price range: 150,000–450,000 VND / 10–30ml for authentic Egyptian grade; significant mislabelling on VN market (Chinese sold as Egyptian); GC/MS certificate required
Rose-floral, citrus-sharp, clean-green, slightly herbal, warm honey-floral midnote, refined, versatile; more elegant than Chinese; less rich-heavy than Bourbon; "crisp rose"
Hoa hồng sắc nét – sạch tươi – chanh nhẹ – ấm-mật hoa – xanh tinh tế; không quá nồng như Bourbon, không quá thảo mộc như Chinese; grade thương mại được ưa chuộng nhất trong perfumery hiện đại
4–8 hours (skin); 12–18 hours (fabric); better tenacity than Chinese due to higher rose oxide + geranyl tiglate
Tốt — citronellol (25–36%) skin-conditioning; linalool (6–12%) anti-inflammatory + barrier support; 1.5–2% trong rosehip; combine với argan cho intensive dry skin serum
Xuất sắc — citronellol astringent + antimicrobial + sebum-regulating; 1% trong jojoba; Egyptian grade's linalool (6–12%) thêm anti-inflammatory advantage cho acne; toner additive 2–3 drops/100ml hydrosol/witch hazel
Tốt khi remission — linalool 6–12% (highest of grades) + geraniol anti-inflammatory + antimicrobial synergy; 0.5–1% trong hemp seed + jojoba blend; TRÁNH active flare; citronellol patch test prior
Xuất sắc — astringent + collagen-supportive + antioxidant + cytophylactic; 10-epi-γ-eudesmol (3–8%, HIGHEST of grades) adds distinctive anti-aging benefit; 1.5–2% trong rosehip + argan evening serum; anti-wrinkle + firming + toning
THẬN TRỌNG — citronellol + geraniol = EU 26 allergens; patch test 24h bắt buộc; ≤0.5–1% trong leave-on; Egyptian slightly higher rose oxide = marginally more allergen risk vs Chinese for sensitized individuals; note rose oxide is separately registered as potential sensitiser
Lý tưởng — "balancing" nature + sebum regulation on T-zone + conditioning on dry zones; Egyptian's sharper-cleaner profile better for combination vs Chinese's heavier green-herbal; 1–1.5% trong jojoba
Vùng trồng / sản xuất tại VN
Không có vùng sản xuất trong nước
Tên gọi tại Việt Nam
Trong Y học cổ truyền VN
KHÔNG có lịch sử YHCT truyền thống VN - Hiện đại: Được coi là "premium tier" trong cộng đồng aromatherapy VN chuyên nghiệp so với Chinese grade; nhiều spa cao cấp Hà Nội/HCM chỉ dùng Egyptian hoặc Bourbon grade cho signature treatment - DIY formulator community VN: Egyptian grade được ưa chuộng cho PMS/hormonal blends và high-quality skincare serum; được coi là "best value for professional results" — không đắt như Bourbon nhưng chất lượng thơm và rose oxide cao hơn Chinese - Skincare VN: geraniu
Mua hàng tại VN
Egyptian grade: 150,000–450,000 VND / 10–30ml tại suppliers chuyên biệt Hà Nội/HCM (đắt hơn Chinese 1.5–3× nhưng rẻ hơn Bourbon 2–4×) - CẢNH BÁO: Chinese grade thường được bán là "Egyptian" trên thị trường VN; luôn yêu cầu GC/MS xác nhận rose oxide ≥1.3% + geranyl tiglate presence - Nhập khẩu: Trực tiếp từ Egypt hoặc qua European fragrance ingredient houses; ultra International B.V., Lisha Essential Oils là ví dụ suppliers quốc tế với Egyptian EO authentic - France và USA là những nước nhập khẩu
Pha Chế & Hòa Hợp
Geranium aromatherapy massage (2% in sweet almond) significantly reduced BOTH physical AND psychological PMS symptoms vs massage alone and control (P<0.001); mechanism proposed: increased cerebral blood flow, improved depression, metabolic balance restoration; geraniol phytoestrogen-adjacent activity + adrenal support.
Ref: PMC6238350 / PMID 30533209 (RCT n=120)
RCT confirmed GEO inhalation reduces anxiety-VAS (p=0.001), stress-VAS (p<0.001), and pain-VAS (p<0.001) in LSS patients; first-stage labour RCT: anxiety VAS reduction (P=0.001); linalool (6–12% — HIGHEST of all geranium grades) GABAergic mechanism + citronellol olfactory-limbic.
Ref: PMC10818376 (2023 RCT); PMC4484988 (2015 RCT)
Geraniol (10–22% — notably high in Egyptian) antidepressant in CUMS model; NF-κB + NLRP3 inhibition; IL-1β reduction; serotonergic pathway (P. roseum model).
Ref: PMID 26454213; PMID 29468757
Research indicates geranium oil potentially influences salivary estrogen levels; adrenal cortex support proposed; geraniol's structural similarity to steroid precursors; clinical PMS trial confirms systemic hormonal effect of geranium massage.
Ref: PMC6238350; livelyliving.com.au review 2025; naturalingredient.org data sheet
PGEO nanoemulsion: central + peripheral anti-nociceptive + anti-inflammatory confirmed in vivo; 10-epi-γ-Eudesmol (3–8% — highest of all geranium grades) NF-κB inhibition; citronellol COX-1/2 modulation.
Ref: Nature Sci Rep 2025 (DOI 10.1038/s41598-025-00722-y); PMC10489623
Citronellol + geraniol + linalool inhibit S. aureus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, C. albicans in vitro; synergy with antibiotics confirmed; 10-epi-γ-eudesmol additional antibacterial contribution at Egyptian levels.
Ref: PMC10489623; PMC3539951
Geraniol potently inhibits dermatophytes + Candida; Egyptian grade benefits from both geraniol (10–22%) AND 10-epi-γ-eudesmol (3–8%) dual antifungal activity; relevant for nail/scalp/skin fungal conditions.
Ref: PMC10489623; PMC10778218
Citronellol promotes collagen synthesis; geraniol cell-regenerative; traditional Egyptian topical use for wounds; 10-epi-γ-eudesmol barrier-supportive.
Ref: PMC7120831 review; traditional use across production regions
Citronellol (25–36%) astringent on skin; reduces sebum; tissue-tightening effect; historically used to stop minor bleeding; relevant for oily skin and seborrhoeic conditions.
Ref: PMC7120831
PMC6238350 / PMID 30533209 (2018 RCT)
Geranium aromatherapy massage 2% in almond oil (n=120); PMS physical + mental symptoms: aromatherapy massage group >> massage alone >> control (P<0.001); cerebral blood flow increase proposed as mechanism
Grade A RCT — HighPMC10818376 (2023 RCT)
GEO inhalation in LSS patients (n=62): pain-VAS ↓ p<0.001; anxiety-VAS ↓ p=0.001; stress-VAS ↓ p<0.001; depression-VAS ↓ p=0.006; sBP ↓ p=0.002
Grade B RCT — HighPMC4484988 (2015 RCT)
Geranium EO inhalation first-stage labour: anxiety VAS significantly lower vs control (P=0.001); diastolic BP reduction (P=0.005)
Grade B RCT — ModeratePMC10281030 (2023)
P. graveolens aromatherapy: improved fatigue + sleep quality in nurses vs control (P<0.05)
Moderate quasi-experimentalPMID 29468757 (2018)
P. roseum EO (closely related): anxiolytic + antidepressant mice (EPM + OFT + FST); WAY-100635 reversal → serotonergic pathway confirmed
Preclinical — ModeratePMID 26454213 (2015)
Geraniol antidepressant CUMS mice: NF-κB + NLRP3 inhibition; IL-1β reduction confirmed
Preclinical — ModeratePMC10489623 (2023)
GC/MS + antimicrobial synergy PGEO with antibiotics; antioxidant + synergistic effects confirmed
In vitro — ModerateNature Sci Rep 2025 (DOI 10.1038/s41598-025-00722-y)
PGEO nanoemulsion: central + peripheral anti-nociceptive + anti-inflammatory in vivo; opioid pathway + citronellol/geraniol/linalool synergy
Preclinical in vivo — ModerateTâm trạng: Balancing + Uplifting + Hormonal-harmonising (Egyptian grade chia sẻ core balancing quality của Chinese Entry #025 nhưng có thêm refined rosy-uplifting elevation từ rose oxide cao hơn; đặc biệt mạnh cho hormone-linked emotional disturbances — PMS, perimenopause, postnatal; cân bằng cả trên và dưới — uplift khi buồn bã và calming khi overactivated)
Chakra
Heart Chakra ★★★★★ (Anahata
Ngũ hành
Wood
| Phương pháp | Liều lượng | Ghi chú |
|---|---|---|
| Diffusion (khuếch tán) | 3–5 drops / 100ml | 30–60 min; PMS/hormonal mood: blend với clary sage + bergamot; stress: lavender + geranium; excellent workplace diffusion for emotional balance |
| Topical massage (massage) | 2% dilution | ≈ 12 drops per 30ml sweet almond — protocol from PMC6238350 PMS RCT; abdominal massage 2% for PMS; back/shoulder 2–3%; self-massage 30 min/week for 8 weeks (validated protocol) |
| Bath (tắm) | 5–8 drops trong 1 tbsp milk/cream | Pre-dilute bắt buộc; PMS relief bath; hormone-support evening soak; blend với clary sage (3 drops) + geranium (5 drops) |
| Inhalation (hít) | 2–3 drops tissue / personal inhaler | 10–15 min; anxiety + stress; pre-menstrual tension; safe for sustained inhalation |
| Skincare (chăm sóc da) | 1–2% in face product | ≈ 6–12 drops per 30ml; sebum-balancing toner + serum; anti-aging facial oil; excellent for combination/mature/oily skin |
| Facial steam | 2–3 drops in hot water bowl | Steam facial cleanse + rose-geranium pore opening; 5–10 min; cover head with towel; excellent for pre-mask skin preparation |
| Hair care | 1–2% in hair oil / conditioner | Scalp massage for dandruff + oily scalp; 1% in leave-in conditioner for shine + fragrance |
| Hormone support protocol | 2% in sweet almond (abdominal + lower back massage) | Clinical validation: 30 min/week for 8 weeks significantly reduces PMS physical + mental symptoms (PMC6238350) |
Dầu nền phù hợp
Kết hợp tốt với
Blend kinh điển
An Toàn
Giới hạn da tối đa
17.5%
Giới hạn IFRA
YES — citronellol and geraniol individually restricted per IFRA 51; product-level geranium EO restriction calculated per batch citronellol + geraniol content; typical Egyptian batch: geraniol alone at 15% in oil means IFRA limits become relevant at >13% EO in finished product (not an issue at standard aromatherapy dilutions of 1–3%)
Thai kỳ & Cho con bú
Giới hạn độ tuổi
Xem chi tiết
- x *Dermal limits:**
- x **Max dermal % (Tisserand & Young):** **~2%** leave-on — driven by cumulative citronellol (25–36%) + geraniol (10–22%) EU 26 allergen load; same principle as Chinese grade entry
- x **Practical safe skincare:** **1–2%** facial leave-on; **2–3%** body products — Egyptian at same safety tier as Chinese grade
- x **Clinical dose validated:** 2% in sweet almond (PMC6238350 PMS RCT) — this is well within safe dermal limit and is now the evidence-validated therapeutic protocol
- x *Pregnancy & Breastfeeding (Thai kỳ):**
- x T2: **Caution / Generally considered safe at low dilution (≤1%)** — inhalation and minimal topical acceptable; consult healthcare provider
- x T3: **Caution / Generally safe at standard dilutions** — same as T2; some use at term for stress relief is documented
- x Breastfeeding: **Generally safe at 1–2%** — avoid around nipple/breast area; same as Chinese grade
- x *Age Restrictions (Giới hạn tuổi):**
- x Sơ sinh <3 tháng: AVOID
- x 3 tháng – 2 tuổi: AVOID topical; diffusion 1 drop/phòng rất lớn
- x 2–10 tuổi: ≤0.5% topical; 1–2 drops diffusion
- x 10+: Standard adult dilutions
- x *Drug Interactions (Tương tác thuốc):**
- x **Anticoagulants:** Geraniol mild antiplatelet activity; not clinically significant at standard aromatherapy use
- x **Antidepressants (SSRIs):** Serotonergic synergy theoretical; generally not contraindicated but note
- x *Contraindications (Chống chỉ định):**
- x Known allergy to citronellol, geraniol, or rose oxide
- x Avoid undiluted topical — always dilute
- x Atopic dermatitis active flare — multiple contact sensitisers present
- x Pregnancy T1: avoid abdominal massage + concentrations >1%
- x Hormone-sensitive cancers (breast, ovarian, uterine): theoretical phytoestrogen concern; consult oncologist before use with known hormone-sensitive conditions
- x *Quality markers (Kiểm tra chất lượng):**
- x **Genuine Egyptian:** Pale yellow to amber-yellow; mobile liquid; fresh rose-floral with citrus-sharp character and warmer midnote than Chinese; GC/MS MUST confirm:
- x Citronellol 25–36% ✓
- x Geraniol 10–22% ✓
- x Rose oxide (total cis + trans) **1.3–3.5%** — CRITICAL Egyptian marker (Chinese <0.8%, Bourbon 1.3–3.5%)
- x 10-epi-γ-Eudesmol **≥3%** — characteristic Egyptian/Indian marker
- x Geranyl tiglate ≥1% — Egyptian specific
- x 2-Phenylethyl tiglate ≥1% — Egyptian specific; absence = non-Egyptian origin
- x Linalool 6–12%
- x Isomenthone 3–7% (lower than Chinese ≥5%)
- x **Adulteration risks (HIGH):**
- x **Palmarosa (*C. martinii*) blending:** Inverted geraniol:citronellol ratio (geraniol dominant without matching citronellol); absence of rose oxide + eudesmol + geranyl tiglate; detectable by GC/MS
- x **Chinese grade mislabelled as Egyptian:** Rose oxide <0.8%; lower eudesmol (<2%); absent geranyl tiglate and 2-phenylethyl tiglate; lower linalool (<4%); higher isomenthone (>8%)
- x **Egyptian mislabelled as Bourbon:** Compare citronellol/geraniol ratio — Bourbon has much higher citronellol (32–43%) and lower geraniol (5–12%)
- x **Synthetic geraniol + citronellol blend:** Lacks rose oxide, eudesmol, geranyl tiglate, 2-phenylethyl tiglate; IRMS detection available
Genuine Egyptian: Pale yellow to amber-yellow; mobile liquid; fresh rose-floral with citrus-sharp character and warmer midnote than Chinese; GC/MS MUST confirm: - Citronellol 25–36% ✓ - Geraniol 10–22% ✓ - Rose oxide (total cis + trans) 1.3–3.5% — CRITICAL Egyptian marker (Chinese <0.8%, Bourbon 1.3–3.5%) - 10-epi-γ-Eudesmol ≥3% — characteristic Egyptian/Indian marker - Geranyl tiglate ≥1% — Egyptian specific - 2-Phenylethyl tiglate ≥1% — Egyptian specific; absence = non-Egyptian origin - Linalo
Bảo quản
Thủy tinh hổ phách hoặc aluminium; <25°C (refrigerate tại VN); avoid light + heat; shelf life 2–3 năm kín; 12–18 tháng đã mở; rose oxide labile under heat/UV → refrigeration extends quality; Egyptian grade benefits MORE from careful storage than Chinese due to higher rose oxide