- Artemisia genepi Weber (syn. A. spicata Wulfen, A. mutellina Vill.), Asteraceae (Compositae) — steam distillate from aerial parts. Alpine endemic species (Alps + Pyrenees 1,800–3,500 m altitude). Traditional source of genepì / génépi Alpine liqueur (but that liqueur = plant maceration, NOT EO — dose-form distinction rail).
- Hazards (T&Y verbatim p.599): "Expected to be neurotoxic, based on thujone content." Contraindications (all routes): Pregnancy, breastfeeding. Contraindications: "Should not be taken in oral doses." Maximum dermal use level: 0.3% (T&Y explicit numeric cap).
- α-Thujone 79.8% + β-Thujone 10.4% → combined 90.2% thujone — EXTREME thujone load (highest documented in B216 commercial thujone-class oils). T&Y Ch.14 thujone profile dermal limit 0.25% → oil max dermal 0.3% derived (0.25% ÷ 0.902). Non-phototoxic Asteraceae aerial steam distillate. Max oral = 0 (contraindicated all routes). Pregnancy + breastfeeding contraindicated all routes.
- α-THUJONE EXTREME DOMINANCE RAIL (CRITICAL, UNIQUE IN B216): At 90.2% combined thujone, genipi EXCEEDS peer thujone-contraindicated oils: [[wormwood]] A. absinthium (α+β-thujone 12–67%), [[tansy]] T. vulgare (β-thujone 66–81%), [[thuja]] T. occidentalis (α-thujone ~60% + β-thujone ~15%), [[sage-dalmatian]] S. officinalis (α-thujone ~34% + β-thujone ~6%), [[hyssop]] H. officinalis pinocamphone-CT (pinocamphone + thujone minors ~15%), [[pennyroyal]] M. pulegium (pulegone primary; thujone minor), [[boldo]] P. boldus EO692 (α+β-thujone ~21.5% + ascaridole 21.3%). Genipi sets the B216 thujone-dominance ceiling. Full contraindicated-oral neurotoxin peer class inheritance.
- Key rails: ASTERACEAE-HETEROGENEITY RAIL (continuation from 091 [[fleabane]] EO726 clean / 088 [[feverfew]] EO717 camphor-pregnancy-contraindicated / 082 [[artemisia-vestita]] thujone-FREE outlier — 4 Asteraceae species with 4 drastically different safety profiles; DO NOT extrapolate safety across Asteraceae; Artemisia genus heterogeneity is particularly extreme); ALPINE-ENDEMIC-LIMITED-SUPPLY RAIL (wild-collected from Alps + Pyrenees 1,800–3,500m; protected species in France + Italy + Switzerland + Austria; ethical sourcing requires wildcraft permit or cultivated supply); GENEPÌ-LIQUEUR-NOT-EO DISAMBIGUATION RAIL (CRITICAL — traditional Alpine genepì / génépi liqueur is macerated whole-plant infusion in spirit, NOT steam-distilled EO; liqueur thujone content is regulated <35 mg/L in EU spirits per Reg 110/2008; EO is ~100–1000× concentrated thujone; do NOT interpret culinary/liqueur tradition as EO-safety permission); THUJONE NOAEL RAIL (Margaria 1963 10 mg/kg male rat / 5 mg/kg female rat for convulsions — female sensitivity rail + convulsion risk mechanism); SCF 2003b TDI-INADEQUATE RAIL (EU Scientific Committee on Food concluded data inadequate to establish Tolerable Daily Intake for thujone — reinforces caution).
Tổng Quan
- Danh pháp khoa học
- Artemisia genepi Weber
- Họ thực vật
- Asteraceae
- Bộ phận dùng
- Aerial parts
- Phương pháp chiết xuất
- steam_distillation
- Màu sắc
- —
- Phân loại nốt hương
- Nốt Top/Middle
- Hương thơm
- —
- Chemotype / Cultivar
- —
Tình trạng tại Việt Nam
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Phân loại nốt
Top-Middle
Cường độ
4/5
Độ bền trên da
2–4 giờ
Họ hương
Bitter-herbal-camphoraceous-medicinal (classical Alpine-herb thujone signature)
Hương đầu (Opening)(0–15 phút)
Bitter cold alpine frost, sharp medicinal camphor-bite, dry green wormwood, penetrating high-altitude herbs, austere and relentless
Hương giữa (Heart)(15–60 phút)
Sương giá cao nguyên cắt lạnh đắng ngắt, y dược sắc bén mùi long não, ngải đắng khô khan xanh lạnh, thảo mộc núi cao xuyên thấu, khắc khổ và lặng lẽ
Hương nền (Drydown)(1–4 giờ)
2–4 giờ
Cường độ hương
4/5
Da khô
1/5
Da dầu/mụn
2/5
Da lão hóa
1/5
Da thường
2/5
Da nhạy cảm
1/5
Da hỗn hợp
2/5
Nhập khẩuImported
Tên gọi tại Việt Nam
Tinh dầu Genipi (Ngải núi Alpine / Génépi)
Pha Chế & Hòa Hợp
digestive tonic (bitter aromatic / carminative)
Traditional Alpine use of génépi as a digestive aperitif liqueur establishes bitter-tonic activity; aromatic monoterpenes including thujone isomers may reflexively stimulate digestive secretions via olfactory-vagal pathways, though direct aromatherapy evidence is absent.
Ref: Tisserand & Young 2014, Ch.13 p.599–600; Regulation (EC) No 110/2008 (thujone limits in spirit drinks confirm longstanding regulated traditional oral use context)
CNS excitatory / alerting (trace-dose GABA-A antagonism)
α-Thujone competitively antagonizes GABA-A receptors (chloride ion channel), reducing inhibitory neurotransmission; at sub-threshold aromatic doses this produces mild alerting and stimulant effects before the convulsant NOAEL is reached.
Ref: Höld KM, Sirisoma NS, Ikeda T, Narahashi T, Casida JE (2000) PNAS; Margaria R (1963) — convulsion NOAEL 10 mg/kg male / 5 mg/kg female rat
antimicrobial (Gram+ / fungal) — class extrapolation
Monoterpene ketones (α- and β-thujone combined ≈ 90.2%) disrupt microbial membrane integrity and inhibit respiratory chain enzymes; pattern is consistent across thujone-dominant Artemisia oils.
Ref: class-extrapolation from Artemisia absinthium (European wormwood); Tisserand & Young 2014, Ch.13
expectorant / respiratory aromatic — traditional only
Aromatic inhalation of volatile thujone-class monoterpenes may stimulate mucociliary clearance reflexively; basis is traditional Alpine folk use for respiratory complaints, not controlled clinical data.
Ref: Tisserand & Young 2014, Ch.13 p.599–600 (traditional use context); class-extrapolation from Artemisia absinthium
AI-summary
No RCT-grade clinical evidence for aromatherapeutic use of Genipi essential oil has been located. The foundational mechanistic study is Höld et al. (2000) PNAS, which established α-thujone as a competitive GABA-A receptor antagonist in vitro and in rodent models, explaining convulsant toxicity at high doses. Margaria (1963) quantified the thujone convulsion NOAEL in rats (10 mg/kg male, 5 mg/kg female). The SCF (2003b) EU opinion noted inadequate data to establish a human TDI for thujone. Mucciarelli et al. (1995) characterised the GC-MS profile of Alpine Italian genipi but reported no clinical outcomes. All therapeutic claims remain at the level of traditional use (génépi digestive liqueur) or class-extrapolation from related Artemisia species. Traditional aromatherapy use; no RCT-grade clinical evidence located.
NarrativeTâm trạng: Stimulating, Grounding
clarityausteritydisciplinefocusresiliencesolitude
Chakra
solar
Ngũ hành
kim
| Phương pháp | Liều lượng | Ghi chú |
|---|---|---|
| Diffusion | 1–2 drops per 100 ml water; max 20-minute session | Safest route; avoids dermal cap concerns. Use in a ventilated room; max 20 min sessions. Contraindicated in rooms with pregnant women, children, or persons with epilepsy. |
| Personal inhaler (dry inhalation) | 2–3 drops on cotton wick | Snap-cap inhaler limits cumulative exposure; 1–2 inhalations per session maximum. Contraindicated in pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, and persons with epilepsy or seizure history. |
| Topical massage (body only) | 0.3% in carrier oil (approx. 1–2 drops per 30 ml carrier) | HARD CAP: 0.3% maximum adult dermal limit — do not exceed. Apply to limbs/back; avoid face and mucous membranes. Patch-test mandatory. Contraindicated in pregnancy and in children. |
Dầu nền phù hợp
Jojoba oilLiquid wax with excellent oxidative stability; long shelf life suits small-volume formulations required at the 0.3% dermal cap; non-occlusive and well-tolerated by most skin types.
Sweet almond oilLight texture distributes the very low 0.3% dilution evenly across a large carrier volume; mild skin affinity; widely available and cost-effective for a caution-tier oil used sparingly.
Fractionated coconut oilOdourless and highly stable; does not compete with genipi’s distinctive aromatic profile; suited to small-batch precision formulation at the 0.3% dermal safety ceiling.
Kết hợp tốt với
HerbaceousGreenResinousSpicyEarthy
Blend kinh điển
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[Tisserand & Young] Ch.13 p.599–600 (Genipi) + Ch.14 Thujone profile (dermal cap + isomer toxicology)
[Mucciarelli M, Caramiello R, Maffei M] GC-MS composition Alpine Italian genepi
[Margaria R] thujone NOAEL for convulsions (rat, 10 mg/kg male / 5 mg/kg female)
[SCF] EU Scientific Committee on Food opinion on thujone (TDI/ADI inadequate data)
[Höld KM, Sirisoma NS, Ikeda T, Narahashi T, Casida JE] α-thujone GABA-A receptor competitive antagonism
[Regulation] Spirit Drinks Regulation Annex II point 32 (thujone caps in spirits: <35 mg/L bitters, <10 mg/kg most bitters, <5 mg/kg other spirits, <25 mg/kg sage-flavored)
[EU Habitats Directive] Alpine endemic species conservation framework
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