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Tinh dầu Khuynh Diệp

Eucalyptus Cineole

Eucalyptus globulus Labill.

TopKhác

“Sắc lạnh xuyên thấu như gió núi mùa đông, băng giá khuynh diệp mở rộng lồng ngực, trong vắt tinh khiết y dược, mát lạnh xanh biếc sắc sảo, khoáng đạt như hít thở trên đỉnh cao”

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Tóm Tắt Khoa Học

Từ Thư Viện Kinh Điển
  1. Grouped umbrella entry covering 7 Myrtaceae Eucalyptus species with 1,8-cineole dominant chemotype — E. camaldulensis (cineole CT), E. globulus (blue gum), E. maidenii (Maiden's gum), E. plenissima, E. polybractea (blue-leaved mallee), E. radiata (narrow-leaved peppermint), E. smithii (gully gum). All leaves, all steam-distilled. European Pharmacopoeia requires ≥70% 1,8-cineole for "Eucalyptus oil". Commercial sources dominated by Chinese E. globulus (Yunnan).
  2. Hazards: Essential oils high in 1,8-cineole can cause CNS and breathing problems in young children. (T&Y verbatim p.568).
  3. Contraindications: Do not apply to or near the face of infants or children under ten years of age. (T&Y verbatim — hard contraindication, not framework-conservative).
  4. Max adult daily oral dose: 600 mg. Max dermal use level: 20% (T&Y concurs with German Commission E). Health Canada requires ≤25% in cosmetic products. Schedule 6 poison Australia. Commission E Monograph: 300–600 mg/day oral; 5–20% dermal; contraindicated in GI/bile duct inflammation + severe liver disease.
  5. Key rails: PEDIATRIC POISONING DOCUMENTED — 109 children admitted to Melbourne hospital 1981–1992 (Tibballs 1995): 5 mL ingestion → significant CNS depression; 30 mL → fatal in 10-year-old. 41 Queensland cases 1984–1991 (Webb & Pitt 1993). Non-phototoxic (Placzek 2007). 10% on 25 volunteers non-irritating + non-sensitizing (Opdyke 1975). Not embryotoxic/fetotoxic in mice at 135 mg sc (Pages 1990). Dermatitis patients may need <1.0% dilution (T&Y Comments).
🌿
Thận trọngNốt TopMedicinal-camphorous-fresh with piney-eucalyptolic signature

Eucalyptus Cineole

Tinh dầu Khuynh Diệp (nhóm giàu 1,8-cineole)

Eucalyptus globulus Labill.

Tinh dầu Khuynh Diệp (nhóm giàu 1,8-cineole) — Medicinal-camphorous-fresh with piney-eucalyptolic signature

⚠️Tinh dầu này cần thận trọng khi sử dụng. Đọc kỹ hướng dẫn an toàn.

Tổng Quan

Danh pháp khoa học
Eucalyptus globulus Labill.
Họ thực vật
Myrtaceae
Bộ phận dùng
Leaves
Phương pháp chiết xuất
steam_distillation
Màu sắc
—
Phân loại nốt hương
Nốt Top
Hương thơm
—
Chemotype / Cultivar
—

Tình trạng tại Việt Nam

Xem chi tiết

Phân loại nốt
Top
Cường độ
4/5
Độ bền trên da
2–4 giờ
Họ hương
Medicinal-camphorous-fresh with piney-eucalyptolic signature
Hương đầu (Opening)(0–15 phút)

Icy-sharp medicinal clarity, clean camphoric penetration bracing as winter mountain air, bright green-cool crystalline opening, chest-expanding freshness with a wild alpine edge, clinical precision that clears the mind like a cold breath

Hương giữa (Heart)(15–60 phút)

Sắc lạnh xuyên thấu như gió núi mùa đông, băng giá khuynh diệp mở rộng lồng ngực, trong vắt tinh khiết y dược, mát lạnh xanh biếc sắc sảo, khoáng đạt như hít thở trên đỉnh cao

Hương nền (Drydown)(1–4 giờ)

2–4 giờ

Cường độ hương
4/5
Da khô
2/5

Da dầu/mụn
3/5

Da lão hóa
2/5

Da thường
3/5

Da nhạy cảm
1/5

Da hỗn hợp
3/5

Nhập khẩuImported

Tên gọi tại Việt Nam

Tinh dầu Khuynh Diệp (nhóm giàu 1,8-cineole)

Pha Chế & Hòa Hợp

expectorant / mucolytic

1,8-Cineole (dominant constituent, typically 60–80% in E. globulus) stimulates mucociliary clearance in bronchial epithelium and reduces mucus viscosity, facilitating expectoration from the upper and lower respiratory tract.

Ref: Blumenthal et al (1998) Commission E Monograph; Tisserand & Young (2014) Ch.13 p.567–571

nasal decongestant

Inhaled 1,8-cineole vapour activates cold-sensitive TRPM8 receptors in nasal mucosa, producing perceived decongestion; Commission E approval covers catarrh of the upper respiratory tract.

Ref: Blumenthal et al (1998) Commission E Monograph; Tisserand & Young (2014) Ch.13 p.567–571

anti-inflammatory

1,8-Cineole inhibits pro-inflammatory mediator release, demonstrated by significant reduction of carrageenan-induced rat paw oedema in an in vivo rodent model.

Ref: Silva et al (2003)

antimicrobial (broad-spectrum)

1,8-Cineole disrupts bacterial and fungal cell membrane integrity; activity is class-established across multiple Myrtaceae cineole-rich species including E. globulus, E. radiata, and E. smithii.

Ref: Tisserand & Young (2014) Ch.13 p.567–571; class-extrapolation from cineole-rich Myrtaceae EOs

topical analgesic / counterirritant

Cineole produces a characteristic cooling sensation via TRPM8 receptor activation in cutaneous nociceptors, masking pain signals and functioning as a classical counterirritant in topical applications.

Ref: Tisserand & Young (2014) Ch.13 p.567–571

AI-summary

The strongest regulatory-level evidence is the German Commission E Monograph (Blumenthal et al 1998) approving eucalyptus preparations for treatment of catarrh of the upper respiratory tract — equivalent to phytomedicine regulatory approval. Silva et al (2003) demonstrated statistically significant anti-inflammatory activity in a carrageenan-induced rat paw oedema model, supporting topical anti-inflammatory use at preclinical level. No full human RCT specifically for this EO was located in the §13 citation set; available clinical data are primarily pharmacovigilance (Webb & Pitt 1993, 41-case Queensland series; Tibballs 1995, 109-case Melbourne series — definitive paediatric dose-response) and regulatory (Commission E; Health Canada 2011 25% cosmetic cap). Opdyke (1975) 10% human volunteer data confirmed no irritation or sensitisation at standard dilutions.

Narrative

Tâm trạng: Stimulating, Uplifting

clarityfocusalertnessinvigorationmental fatigueoverwhelm

Chakra

throat

Ngũ hành

kim

Phương phápLiều lượngGhi chú
Steam inhalation2–3 drops in 1 L hot waterLean over bowl, towel over head; eyes closed; 5–10 min max. CONTRAINDICATED for children under 12 — cineole vapour causes apnoea and CNS depression (Tibballs 1995). Adults only.
Diffusion3–5 drops per 100 ml water in ultrasonic diffuserAdults only; 20–30 min sessions with ventilation breaks. Do not diffuse in rooms occupied by infants or children under 12. Effective for ambient respiratory support and air hygiene.
Topical massage1–3% in carrier oil (1–3 drops per 5 ml carrier)Chest and upper back for respiratory; muscles for counterirritant analgesia. Max adult dermal 20%. Avoid face and neck. Patch test for sensitive skin. Contraindicated near children's faces.
Warm compress4–5 drops dispersed in 500 ml warm waterApply soaked cloth compress to chest for congestion or to affected joint for anti-inflammatory effect. Replace compress every 10 min. Adults only.
Bath6–8 drops dispersed in 15 ml bath emulsifierAdults only. Disperse fully in emulsifier before adding to bath. Do not use with broken or inflamed skin, or in sitz baths. Limit soak to 15 min.

Dầu nền phù hợp

Sweet almond oilLightweight with good skin penetration and near-neutral scent; ideal base for chest rubs and muscle massage blends where eucalyptus therapeutic vapour should remain prominent.
Fractionated coconut oilOdourless, stable, and rapidly absorbed; excellent for therapeutic massage blends requiring a clean, non-greasy texture and extended shelf life without antioxidant intervention.
Jojoba waxTechnically a liquid wax; highly stable and well-tolerated by oily and combination skin types; non-comedogenic with no occlusive residue, suited to repeated therapeutic application.
Sunflower oilHigh linoleic acid content and mild comedogenicity; affordable and widely available, making it practical for larger-volume therapeutic chest rub preparations in clinical or home settings.

Kết hợp tốt với

HerbaceousGreenCitrusWoody

Blend kinh điển

—
—
—
—
[Tisserand & Young] Ch.13 p.567–571 (Eucalyptus, cineole-rich)
[Moudachirou & Gbénou] E. camaldulensis chemistry
[Lawrence] E. globulus + E. polybractea chemistry
[Zrira et al] E. maidenii chemistry
[Day] E. plenissima chemistry
[Bignell et al] E. radiata + E. smithii chemistry
[Blumenthal et al] Commission E Monograph
[Placzek et al] in vitro non-phototoxicity
[Opdyke] 10% human volunteer irritation/sensitization data
[Silva et al] rat paw inflammation
[Rudzki] dermatitis patient sensitivity meta-data
[Pages et al] mouse reproductive toxicity
[Takarada et al] HUVEC cytotoxicity
[Gurr & Scroggie] adult acute toxicity clinical
[Craig] UK early pediatric fatality reports
[Webb & Pitt] Queensland 41-case series
[Tibballs] Melbourne 109-case series (DEFINITIVE pediatric dose-response)
[Patel & Wiggins] additional case reports
[Singhal et al] low-adulteration-risk characterization
[Health Canada Cosmetic Ingredient Hotlist] 25% cosmetic cap

An Toàn

Giới hạn da tối đa

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Giới hạn IFRA

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Thai kỳ & Cho con bú

Tam cá nguyệt 1Unknown
Tam cá nguyệt 2Unknown
Tam cá nguyệt 3Unknown

Giới hạn độ tuổi

Xem chi tiết

Bảo quản

Bảo quản nơi tối, mát

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Thông số Kỹ thuật & An toàn

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Hồ Sơ Hoá Học Chi Tiết
§3 Chemical Profile — chemotype, constituent ranges, adulteration

E. camaldulensis (cineole CT) — Moudachirou & Gbénou 1999

Constituent%
1,8-Cineole46.9–83.7%
α-Pinene1.3–14.7%
(+)-Limonene0–11.2%
α-Terpineol0–8.4%
β-Pinenetr–7.9%
Globulol0–5.3%
p-Cymene0–5.2%
Terpinen-4-ol0.1–3.3%
α-Phellandrenetr–2.9%
γ-Terpinenetr–2.2%
Spathulenol0–1.8%
(+)-Aromadendrene0.6–1.4%

E. globulus — Lawrence 1989 p199–200, 1993 p122–125

Constituent%
1,8-Cineole65.4–83.9%
α-Pinene3.7–14.7%
(+)-Limonene1.8–9.0%
Globuloltr–5.3%
(E)-Pinocarveol2.3–4.4%
p-Cymene1.2–3.5%
(+)-Aromadendrene0.1–2.2%
Pinocarvonetr–1.0%

E. maidenii — Zrira et al 1992

Constituent%
1,8-Cineole76.8%
α-Pinene13.1%
α-Terpineol2.1%
(+)-Aromadendrene1.7%
(E)-Pinocarveol1.3%

E. plenissima — Day 2004 (private communication)

Constituent%
1,8-Cineole85.0–95.0%
(+)-Limonene0.5–1.2%

E. polybractea — Lawrence 1993 p122–125, 1997a p49–51

Constituent%
1,8-Cineole88.7–91.9%
(+)-Limonene1.1–2.6%
p-Cymene2.0–2.5%
α-Pinene0.9–1.9%

E. radiata — Bignell et al 1998

Constituent%
1,8-Cineole60.4–64.5%
α-Terpineol0–15.2%
(Z)-Piperitol0.9–14.9%
(+)-Limonene5.4–6.3%
Piperitone0.4–4.7%
Geraniol0.2–2.8%
α-Pinene2.0%
β-Caryophyllene0.1–1.6%
Terpinen-4-ol0–1.5%
β-Myrcene1.1%

E. smithii — Bignell et al 1998

Constituent%
1,8-Cineole77.5%
β-Eudesmol6.3%
(E)-Pinocarveol2.9%
Pinocarvone1.6%
(Z)-p-Mentha-1(7),8-dien-2-ol1.4%
(E)-p-Mentha-1(7),8-dien-2-ol1.3%
(+)-Limonene1.2%

Chemistry insights (cross-species)

  • 1,8-Cineole is the SAFETY DRIVER — all 7 species covered because all exceed European Pharmacopoeia 70% minimum OR constitute the dominant commercial cineole-eucalyptus supply. 1,8-cineole pediatric CNS + respiratory toxicity is the class hazard, NOT a species-specific signal.
  • Highest cineole: E. plenissima (85–95%) + E. polybractea (88.7–91.9%) — used in pharmaceutical-grade cineole extraction.
  • Lowest cineole: E. radiata (60.4–64.5%) — BELOW European Pharmacopoeia 70% threshold; often marketed as "gentler" or "child-safe" but T&Y pediatric face contraindication applies to all cineole-rich eucalyptus oils in this grouped entry.
  • β-Eudesmol 6.3% in E. smithii — lowest β-eudesmol content among eudesmol-bearing commercial oils; insufficient to trigger [[cypress-blue]] pregnancy contraindication mechanism.
  • Piperitone 0.4–4.7% in E. radiata — variable ketone content; contributes to the "peppermint-like" (menthol-adjacent) facet that distinguishes radiata from globulus.
  • α-Pinene 1–15% — monoterpene hydrocarbon oxidation risk (BHT 0.1% recommended at production for radiata/globulus grades with higher α-pinene).
  • Not generally adulterated — low commodity price + abundant supply = minimal fraud incentive (Singhal 1997; Burfield 2003).
Công Dụng Trị Liệu Chi Tiết
§10 Therapeutic Uses — skin, emotional, physical, respiratory
  • Modern aromatherapy: Respiratory support (steam inhalation, chest rub — ADULT ONLY per face contraindication under 10yo), room air freshening, antimicrobial cleaning formulations.
  • Traditional: Australian aboriginal medicinal use — fever, respiratory complaints, wound care.
  • Clinical applications: Cineole-containing oral preparations for bronchitis, sinusitis (evidence-based per Commission E).
  • Emotional / energetic framing: Clearing, awakening, mental focus — top-note activator.
  • Perfumery: Industrial + household products (detergents, air fresheners, cough drops); limited fine perfumery usage.
Năng Lượng & Ngũ Hành
§11 Energetics — TCM, Ayurveda, aromatic energetics
  • Five-element: Kim (Metal — clearing, respiratory support, cutting through stagnation).
  • Top-note activating archetype.

Dữ Liệu Kỹ Thuật Y Khoa

§14 Renderer Contract — Tisserand & Young V2.2

Thông Số Định Lượng

hazards
["pediatric_cns_respiratory_cineole","pediatric_poisoning_precedent","oral_dose_ceiling_600mg","commission_e_oral_contraindications_gi_bile_liver"]
phototoxic
false
safety_level
caution
cap_derivation
ty_pediatric_face_contraindication_plus_commission_e_oral_600mg
oxidation_risk
medium
drug_interactions
[]
shelf_life_months
24
max_dilution_adult
20
contraindicated_all
false
max_dilution_elderly
10
max_oral_dose_mg_day
600
max_dilution_child_2_6
2
max_dilution_sensitive
1
max_dilution_adult_face
20
max_dilution_child_6_12
3
contraindicated_children
true
contraindicated_pregnancy
false
max_dilution_child_under2
1
max_dilution_pregnancy_1st
20
max_dilution_pregnancy_2nd
20
max_dilution_pregnancy_3rd
20

Tài Liệu Y Khoa Tham Khảo

  • Tisserand & Young (2014) Essential Oil Safety 2nd ed — Ch.13 p.567–571 (Eucalyptus, cineole-rich)
  • Moudachirou & Gbénou (1999) — E. camaldulensis chemistry
  • Lawrence (1989, 1993, 1997a) — E. globulus + E. polybractea chemistry
  • Zrira et al (1992) — E. maidenii chemistry
  • Day (private communication, 2004) — E. plenissima chemistry
  • Bignell et al (1998) — E. radiata + E. smithii chemistry
  • Blumenthal et al (1998) — Commission E Monograph
  • Placzek et al (2007) — in vitro non-phototoxicity
  • Opdyke (1975) — 10% human volunteer irritation/sensitization data
  • Silva et al (2003) — rat paw inflammation
  • Rudzki (1976), Wöhrl (2001), Uter (2010), Larsen (2002), Peltonen (1985), Selvaag (1995) — dermatitis patient sensitivity meta-data
  • Pages et al (1990) — mouse reproductive toxicity
  • Takarada et al (2004) — HUVEC cytotoxicity
  • Gurr & Scroggie (1965) — adult acute toxicity clinical
  • Craig (1953), Myott (1906), McPherson (1925) — UK early pediatric fatality reports
  • Webb & Pitt (1993) — Queensland 41-case series
  • Tibballs (1995) — Melbourne 109-case series (DEFINITIVE pediatric dose-response)
  • Patel & Wiggins (1980), Hindle (1994), Neale (1893), Benham (1905), Taylor (1905), Benjamin (1906), Orr & Edin (1906), Allan (1910), Kirkness (1910), Foggie (1911), Sewell (1925), Gibbon (1927) — additional case reports
  • Singhal et al (1997), Burfield (2003) — low-adulteration-risk characterization
  • Health Canada Cosmetic Ingredient Hotlist (March 2011) — 25% cosmetic cap