- Canarium luzonicum (Blume) A. Gray (syn. C. vulgare Leenh., C. commune auct.), Burseraceae — sibling genus to Commiphora (myrrh). Source = gum (oleoresin), steam distillation. "Elemi / Nhựa Elemi / Manila elemi". Oily-resinous product with a strong citrus-peppery-pine-resinous top note driven by (+)-limonene + α-phellandrene.
- Chemistry (Lawrence 1981, 1989, 2003): (+)-Limonene 26.9–65.0% + Elemol 2.8–17.3% + α-Phellandrene 4.3–15.1% + Elemicin 1.8–10.6% + p-Cymene 1.4–7.7% + α-Pinene 0.4–5.4% + Sabinene 1.3–5.9% + β-Myrcene 0.6–2.4% + 1,8-Cineole <2.5% + β-Phellandrene 0.8–1.6% + β-Pinene 0.3–1.0% + Methyleugenol 0.2–0.3%. Monoterpene-dominant (not sesquiterpene-dominant like myrrh).
- Hazards: May contain methyleugenol; skin sensitization if oxidized. Cautions: Old or oxidized oils should be avoided. Max dermal: EU 0.07% + IFRA 0.13% + T&Y: NO LIMIT. CI: None known.
- Methyleugenol-vs-limonene-net-benefit rail (T&Y explicit — CRITICAL): T&Y DISAGREES with EU/IFRA caps. T&Y's reasoning: methyleugenol at 0.3% x conservative 0.02% dermal cap → arithmetic max 6.7%, BUT (+)-limonene at up to 65% is anticarcinogenic wide-spectrum including HUMAN hepatoma cells (Kim 2001) → limonene likely COUNTERS the hepatocarcinogenic signal of the trace methyleugenol. T&Y conclusion: "no limit should be applied".
- Storage + (+)-limonene-oxidation rail: T&Y recommend dark, airtight, REFRIGERATED storage + add antioxidant at production. Elemi oil resinifies on ageing — a distinctive visible signal of oxidation. CITES trees-proposal rail: UNEP-WCMC has proposed that CITES add C. luzonicum to its threatened plant species list.
Tổng Quan
- Danh pháp khoa học
- Canarium luzonicum (Blume) A. Gray
- Họ thực vật
- Burseraceae
- Bộ phận dùng
- —
- Phương pháp chiết xuất
- steam_distillation
- Màu sắc
- —
- Phân loại nốt hương
- Nốt Top
- Hương thơm
- —
- Chemotype / Cultivar
- —
Tình trạng tại Việt Nam
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Phân loại nốt
Top
Cường độ
3/5
Độ bền trên da
2–4 giờ
Họ hương
Resinous-balsamic
Hương đầu (Opening)(0–15 phút)
Bright lemony resin, sun-warmed spiced wood with frankincense depth, crisp citrus-pine lift, lightly balsamic dry-down, gently centering and exotic
Hương giữa (Heart)(15–60 phút)
Nhựa chanh sáng trong, gỗ ấm thoảng hương trầm, vỏ quýt thông tươi thanh mát, khói hương balsamic dịu nhẹ, ấm áp và quy tụ lòng người
Hương nền (Drydown)(1–4 giờ)
2–4 giờ
Cường độ hương
3/5
Da khô
4/5
Da dầu/mụn
2/5
Da lão hóa
5/5
Da thường
4/5
Da nhạy cảm
2/5
Da hỗn hợp
3/5
Nhập khẩuImported
Tên gọi tại Việt Nam
Tinh dầu Elemi
Pha Chế & Hòa Hợp
cicatrizant / skin regeneration
Burseraceae resin constituents share traditional skin-repair properties with frankincense; monoterpene fraction supports tissue-matrix renewal and cicatrization in ethnobotanical wound-care context.
Ref: Tisserand & Young 2014, Ch.13 p.566-567; class-extrapolation from Burseraceae family resins
expectorant / mucosal support
Monoterpene-hydrocarbon-dominant profile (limonene, α-phellandrene class) promotes mucosal secretion and facilitates expectoration in respiratory-tract applications, consistent with composition established by Lawrence (1981/1989/2003).
Ref: Tisserand & Young 2014, Ch.13 p.566-567; Lawrence 1981/1989/2003 GC composition [via B216]
anticarcinogenic potential (in vitro)
(+)-Limonene constituent demonstrated antiproliferative activity against human hepatoma cells in vitro, potentially via ras-oncogene modulation and phase-II detoxification enzyme induction, per Kim (2001).
Ref: Kim (2001) via Ch.14 (+)-Limonene profile [via B216]
uplifting / mood support
Citrus-class monoterpene fraction (limonene-dominant) associated with mood elevation and mental-fatigue relief in traditional aromatherapy; consistent with Burseraceae resin grounding-uplifting dual character.
Ref: Tisserand & Young 2014, Ch.13 p.566-567; class-extrapolation from (+)-limonene-rich oils
antimicrobial (general)
Monoterpene hydrocarbons and resinous phenylpropanoid fraction contribute to broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity consistent with other Burseraceae essential oils; no elemi-specific in-vitro data confirmed in provided citations.
Ref: class-extrapolation from Burseraceae family oils (frankincense, myrrh); Tisserand & Young 2014, Ch.13 p.566-567
AI-summary
Traditional aromatherapy use underpins the evidence base. The strongest available constituent-level data is Kim (2001), demonstrating (+)-limonene antiproliferative activity in human hepatoma cells in vitro — this applies to an isolated constituent, not to whole elemi oil in a clinical setting. Opdyke (1976) conducted a 4%-patch study in 25 volunteers establishing non-irritating, non-sensitizing, and non-phototoxic safety data, but this addresses tolerability, not therapeutic efficacy. No RCT-grade or controlled clinical trial evidence for whole elemi essential oil was located in the provided source material.
NarrativeTâm trạng: Uplifting, Balancing
clarityrenewalfocuscalmresiliencecentering
Chakra
third-eye
Ngũ hành
kim
| Phương pháp | Liều lượng | Ghi chú |
|---|---|---|
| Diffusion | 3-5 drops per 100 ml water | Use in ultrasonic or steam diffuser for 30-60 min; supports respiratory comfort and mood elevation; avoid prolonged exposure in enclosed spaces. |
| Topical massage | 1-2% in carrier oil (max 5% adult) | Blend with sweet almond or jojoba; suitable for muscle and joint work; observe methyleugenol IFRA leave-on constraints in leave-on formulations. |
| Skincare application | 0.5-1% in facial carrier oil | Dilute in rosehip or jojoba for mature or damaged skin; do not exceed 5% max dermal; patch-test recommended given methyleugenol carcinogen-class constituent. |
| Inhalation | 2-3 drops on tissue or personal inhaler | Brief direct inhalation for respiratory or mood support; limit duration to avoid monoterpene-oxidation irritation risk from aged or oxidised oil. |
Dầu nền phù hợp
Jojoba oilLightweight, non-comedogenic, stable shelf life; ideal vehicle for elemi skincare formulations, especially for normal-to-mature skin types.
Rosehip seed oilRich in linolenic acid and natural retinoids; synergises with elemi's cicatrizant tradition for mature and photodamaged skin repair.
Sweet almond oilOleic-acid-rich, easily absorbed, mild-scented; versatile massage carrier that does not compete with elemi's resinous-woody aroma profile.
Fractionated coconut oilOdourless and very light; extends elemi for body application while maintaining long shelf life without interfering with the aromatic note.
Kết hợp tốt với
CitrusWoodySpicyHerbaceousEarthy
Blend kinh điển
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—
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[Tisserand & Young] Ch.13 p.566–567
[Lawrence] GC composition [via B216]
[Opdyke] 4%/25 non-irritating/non-sensitizing/non-phototoxic; LD50 rat 3.37 g/kg; dermal rabbit ~5 g/kg [via B216]
[Ch.14 Methyleugenol profile] 0.02% dermal / 0.01 mg/kg oral limits [via B216]
[Ch.14] anticarcinogenic wide-spectrum + autoxidation sensitization [via B216]
[Kim] (+)-limonene anticarcinogenic human hepatoma [via B216]
[Burfield] adulteration with (+)-limonene + α-phellandrene [via B216]
[IFRA] leave-on methyleugenol 0.0004% + peroxide-control rule [via B216]
[SCCNFP / European Commission] leave-on methyleugenol 0.0002% [via B216]
[UNEP-WCMC] proposed CITES listing for C. luzonicum [via B216]
An Toàn
Giới hạn da tối đa
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Giới hạn IFRA
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Thai kỳ & Cho con bú
Tam cá nguyệt 1Unknown
Tam cá nguyệt 2Unknown
Tam cá nguyệt 3Unknown
Giới hạn độ tuổi
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Bảo quản
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