- Copaifera langsdorfii Desf. + Copaifera officinalis (Jacq.) L. (Fabaceae / Leguminosae) — essential oil steam-distilled from BALSAM tapped from tree wood (not wood steam distillate directly). 2-species commercial supply from South America (Brazil + Venezuela).
- Hazards: None known. Contraindications: None known. Clean T&Y profile — both species.
- Dermal cap 5.0% (framework default). Non-phototoxic. 8% on 25 volunteers = non-irritating, non-sensitizing (Opdyke 1973 p.1075). Undiluted irritating to rabbits at full strength.
- Acute toxicity: Oral LD50 rats > 5 g/kg; dermal LD50 rabbits > 5 g/kg (Opdyke 1973 p.1075). Reproductive toxicity study: C. duckei 2.5% vaginal cream 28.6 mg/kg (= 10× human dose) non-teratogenic in female rats (Lima et al 2011).
- Key rail: "Copaiba balsam does not carry the same risk of skin reactions as Peru balsam" (T&Y verbatim) — disambiguation vs [[balsam-peru]] which contains benzyl benzoate + benzyl cinnamate sensitizers. β-Caryophyllene + α-caryophyllene antitumoral activity (Ch.14); in vitro B16F10 melanoma cytotoxicity + reduced lung metastasis (Lima et al 2003) — constituent-level in-vitro signal, NOT clinical anticancer claim.
Tổng Quan
- Danh pháp khoa học
- Copaifera langsdorfii Desf., Copaifera officinalis (Jacq.) L.
- Họ thực vật
- Fabaceae
- Bộ phận dùng
- Balsam from wood
- Phương pháp chiết xuất
- balsam_steam_distillation
- Màu sắc
- —
- Phân loại nốt hương
- Nốt Base
- Hương thơm
- —
- Chemotype / Cultivar
- —
Tình trạng tại Việt Nam
Xem chi tiết
Phân loại nốt
Base
Cường độ
2/5
Độ bền trên da
2–4 giờ
Họ hương
Woody-balsamic-ambery-peppery (β-caryophyllene driven)
Hương đầu (Opening)(0–15 phút)
Warm dry timber, faint whisper of clove-spice, quiet balsamic sweetness, cool forest floor at dusk, deeply still and grounding
Hương giữa (Heart)(15–60 phút)
Gỗ ấm khô thoáng, thoảng cay như đinh hương xa xôi, ngọt nhựa cây trầm tĩnh, nền rừng mát sâu lúc hoàng hôn, yên ắng vững chãi
Hương nền (Drydown)(1–4 giờ)
2–4 giờ
Cường độ hương
2/5
Da khô
4/5
Da dầu/mụn
2/5
Da lão hóa
4/5
Da thường
3/5
Da nhạy cảm
5/5
Da hỗn hợp
3/5
Nhập khẩuImported
Tên gọi tại Việt Nam
Tinh dầu Copaiba (Nhựa gỗ copaiba)
Pha Chế & Hòa Hợp
anti-inflammatory
β-Caryophyllene, the dominant sesquiterpene hydrocarbon in Copaifera spp. oil, acts as a selective CB2 receptor agonist, down-regulating NF-κB-mediated prostaglandin and cytokine cascades to suppress peripheral inflammation.
Ref: Tisserand & Young 2014, Ch.13 p.545–546; Gramosa & Silveira (2005); Stashenko et al (1995); CB2 mechanism as class-extrapolation from β-caryophyllene constituent pharmacology
analgesic
CB2 receptor engagement by β-caryophyllene attenuates peripheral nociceptive sensitization and reduces pro-inflammatory mediators that drive inflammatory pain, yielding a secondary analgesic effect without direct opioid-receptor binding.
Ref: class-extrapolation from β-caryophyllene constituent pharmacology; Tisserand & Young 2014, Ch.13 p.545–546
anticarcinogenic (preclinical, in vitro/in vivo)
Copaiba oleoresin constituents demonstrated cytotoxic activity against B16F10 murine melanoma cells and statistically significant reduction of experimental lung metastasis colonies.
Ref: Lima et al (2003)
antimicrobial — broad spectrum
Sesquiterpene hydrocarbon-rich fraction (β-caryophyllene, γ-muurolene, δ-cadinene) disrupts microbial membrane integrity via hydrophobic intercalation, consistent with antimicrobial activity observed across this constituent class.
Ref: class-extrapolation from sesquiterpene hydrocarbon-class EOs; Gramosa & Silveira (2005); Stashenko et al (1995)
vulnerary (wound healing / tissue repair)
Anti-inflammatory sesquiterpenes reduce oxidative tissue damage at the wound site; the resinous balsam matrix provides a protective occlusive barrier supporting re-epithelialization.
Ref: Tisserand & Young 2014, Ch.13 p.545–546; traditional Amazonian pharmacopoeia (Copaifera spp. balsam topical use)
expectorant / respiratory mucolytic
Volatile sesquiterpene constituents inhaled from the steam-distilled fraction may stimulate mucociliary transport and reduce bronchial secretion viscosity via reflex stimulation of respiratory mucosa.
Ref: Tisserand & Young 2014, Ch.13 p.545–546; traditional use — no controlled respiratory trial in §13 citations
AI-summary
Strongest preclinical evidence: Lima et al (2003) demonstrated cytotoxicity of copaiba oleoresin against B16F10 murine melanoma cells in vitro and a statistically significant reduction of lung metastasis colonies in an experimental animal model. This is in vitro/in vivo preclinical data applicable to the full oleoresin — not exclusively the steam-distilled EO fraction — and does not constitute clinical therapeutic evidence. Safety data from Opdyke (1973) reported an oral LD50 > 5 g/kg (rat) and a 48-hour repeat insult patch test at 8% on 30 volunteers produced no irritation or sensitization reactions. Lima et al (2011) assessed reproductive toxicity of C. duckei oleoresin administered orally — a safety study only, not a therapeutic endpoint. No RCT-grade clinical aromatherapy trial was identified in the §13 citations provided.
NarrativeTâm trạng: Grounding, Calming
groundingcalminner stillnessresiliencecontemplationsteadiness
Chakra
root
Ngũ hành
tho
| Phương pháp | Liều lượng | Ghi chú |
|---|---|---|
| Topical massage | 1–5% in carrier oil (T&Y max dermal 5% adult) | Dilute in jojoba or sweet almond oil; target joints, lower back, inflamed muscles. Avoid mucous membranes; max 1% on broken skin. |
| Skincare (leave-on formulation) | 0.5–2% in cream, balm, or serum base | For eczema, psoriasis, rosacea; use 1% max on sensitive/compromised skin; blend with rosehip oil base for mature or scar-tissue repair. |
| Diffusion | 3–5 drops per 100 ml water in ultrasonic diffuser | Deep woody-balsamic aroma; blend with frankincense or sandalwood. Sessions 30–60 min with ventilation breaks. |
| Steam inhalation | 2–3 drops in bowl of steaming water | Cover head with towel; keep eyes closed; 5–10 min sessions. Avoid in children under 5 or during acute asthma exacerbation. |
| Warm compress | 3–4 drops dispersed in 500 ml warm water via solubilizer | Apply wrung cloth to arthritic joints or lower back for 10–15 min. Monitor skin temperature; remove if discomfort. Up to twice daily. |
Dầu nền phù hợp
Jojoba oilNon-comedogenic wax ester mimicking sebum; excellent oxidative stability complements copaiba's sesquiterpene-heavy profile; suited to all skin types including oily and sensitive.
Sweet almond oilMild oleic-acid-rich carrier with gentle emollient action and fast absorption; enhances anti-inflammatory skin benefits without heavy occlusive residue; well-tolerated by sensitive skin.
Rosehip seed oilHigh linoleic acid and natural retinoid precursors synergize with copaiba's vulnerary and anti-inflammatory properties for scar tissue, mature, or photo-damaged skin.
Fractionated coconut oilLightweight, odourless MCT base with long shelf life; excellent for body massage blends requiring rapid absorption and consistent dilution control.
Kết hợp tốt với
ResinousSpicyEarthyFloral
Blend kinh điển
—
—
—
—
[Tisserand & Young] Ch.13 p.545–546 (Copaiba)
[Opdyke DL] Copaiba Balsam Oil — p.1075 (LD50 + volunteer testing)
[Gramosa & Silveira] C. langsdorfii chemistry
[Stashenko et al] C. officinalis chemistry
[Lima et al] B16F10 melanoma cytotoxicity + metastasis reduction
An Toàn
Giới hạn da tối đa
Xem chi tiết
Giới hạn IFRA
Xem chi tiết
Thai kỳ & Cho con bú
Tam cá nguyệt 1Unknown
Tam cá nguyệt 2Unknown
Tam cá nguyệt 3Unknown
Giới hạn độ tuổi
Xem chi tiết
Bảo quản
Bảo quản nơi tối, mát