- Citrus hystrix DC (Rutaceae) — fruit peel STEAM-DISTILLED essential oil. β-pinene 25.9–31.5% + sabinene 15.6–20.4% + citronellal 0.4–16.8% + (+)-limonene 5.3–13.8% per Sato et al 1990.
- Hazards: None known. Contraindications: None known. Clean T&Y profile.
- NON-PHOTOTOXIC despite Rutaceae citrus family — CRITICAL DIFFERENTIATOR. Steam-distilled citrus peel does NOT carry furocoumarins the way cold-pressed peel does. T&Y verbatim: "Because this oil is steam distilled, it is not likely to contain furanocoumarins, or to be phototoxic."
- Max dermal 5.0% framework default. No constituent-level restriction. Pregnancy-safe framework per low reproductive toxicity of β-pinene + sabinene + (+)-limonene (Ch.14).
- Cross-variant rail: Combava LEAF EO (p.545, same species C. hystrix but leaves) has COMPLETELY DIFFERENT chemistry — citronellal 58.9–81.5% dominant vs fruit peel's 0.4–16.8%. Two oils, one species, distinct commercial products.
Tổng Quan
- Danh pháp khoa học
- Citrus hystrix DC
- Họ thực vật
- Rutaceae
- Bộ phận dùng
- Fruit peel
- Phương pháp chiết xuất
- steam_distillation
- Màu sắc
- —
- Phân loại nốt hương
- Nốt Top
- Hương thơm
- —
- Chemotype / Cultivar
- —
Tình trạng tại Việt Nam
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Phân loại nốt
Top
Cường độ
4/5
Độ bền trên da
2–4 giờ
Họ hương
Citrus — distinctive fresh-zesty-lime with a piney-peppery edge (β-pinene + sabinene contrib...
Hương đầu (Opening)(0–15 phút)
Snapping kaffir lime peel in cold bright air, sharp piney-green bite over dry citrus zest, warm peppery undercurrent from sabinene, bracing and strikingly uncommon
Hương giữa (Heart)(15–60 phút)
Vỏ kaffir bẻ gãy sắc trong không khí tươi lạnh, hơi nhựa thông xanh sắc bén xen citrus khô, làn sóng ấm cay nhẹ từ sabinene, mạnh mẽ và lạ thường đến bất ngờ
Hương nền (Drydown)(1–4 giờ)
2–4 giờ
Cường độ hương
4/5
Da khô
2/5
Da dầu/mụn
4/5
Da lão hóa
3/5
Da thường
4/5
Da nhạy cảm
2/5
Da hỗn hợp
4/5
Nhập khẩuImported
Tên gọi tại Việt Nam
Tinh dầu combava (vỏ chanh kaffir)
Pha Chế & Hòa Hợp
Chemopreventive — in vitro antitumoral
Citronellal and (+)-Limonene induce cytotoxic activity against KB oral carcinoma and P388 murine leukaemia cell lines, attributed to apoptosis induction and disruption of tumour cell proliferation.
Ref: Manosroi et al. 2005; Tisserand & Young 2014 Ch.14 — Citronellal + (+)-Limonene antitumoral constituent profiles
Insect repellent
Citronellal — a major aldehyde constituent — disrupts olfactory receptor signalling in arthropods, producing spatial and contact deterrence at low airborne concentrations.
Ref: class-extrapolation from citronella (Java) essential oil — shared primary constituent citronellal; Tisserand & Young 2014 Ch.14
Mood-uplifting / mild anxiolytic
(+)-Limonene modulates limbic dopaminergic and serotonergic pathways, producing mood-elevating and mild stress-reducing effects consistent across citrus peel oils rich in this constituent.
Ref: class-extrapolation from bergamot FCF and sweet orange — shared (+)-Limonene dominant profile; Tisserand & Young 2014 Ch.14
Antimicrobial (broad-spectrum, mild)
β-Pinene and (+)-Limonene disrupt microbial cell membrane integrity through lipophilic intercalation; sabinene provides additive activity against common skin and environmental pathogens.
Ref: class-extrapolation from β-Pinene, Sabinene, (+)-Limonene constituent profiles — Tisserand & Young 2014 Ch.14
Anti-inflammatory (mild, topical)
β-Pinene and sabinene inhibit pro-inflammatory eicosanoid pathways (COX-1/2), reducing local inflammatory markers at therapeutically relevant dilutions in constituent-level studies.
Ref: class-extrapolation from β-Pinene and Sabinene constituent profiles — Tisserand & Young 2014 Ch.14
Digestive support / carminative
(+)-Limonene relaxes GI smooth muscle and stimulates bile secretion; traditional Rutaceae family use for dyspepsia, flatulence, and nausea via inhalation or diluted topical abdominal massage.
Ref: class-extrapolation from Rutaceae citrus family — Tisserand & Young 2014 Ch.13 p.544
AI-summary
The principal controlled study is Manosroi et al. (2005), demonstrating chemopreventive activity of Combava fruit essential oil against KB (human oral carcinoma) and P388 (murine leukaemia) cell lines in vitro. Citronellal and (+)-Limonene are identified as the antitumoral-active constituents per Tisserand & Young Ch.14. This is cell-line data only — no in vivo or clinical translation has been confirmed. No RCT-grade human trials located for aromatherapeutic or topical applications. All remaining therapeutic claims rest on constituent-level evidence extrapolated from peer citrus and monoterpene-rich oils.
NarrativeTâm trạng: Uplifting, Stimulating
alertnessinvigorationclarityfocusvitalitycuriosity
Chakra
solar
Ngũ hành
moc
| Phương pháp | Liều lượng | Ghi chú |
|---|---|---|
| Diffusion | 3–5 drops in 100 ml water | Use in ultrasonic or nebulising diffuser for mood uplift and insect deterrence. Diffuse in 30-min intervals; avoid continuous use with children under 2 (limonene oxidation risk). |
| Topical massage | 1–3% in carrier oil (max 5% adult) | Blend with jojoba or grapeseed for body massage. Stay ≤5% adult dermal limit. Avoid sun/UV for 12 h post-application; steam-distilled peel is lower phototoxic risk than expressed but untested. |
| Direct inhalation | 1–2 drops on tissue or personal inhaler | Brief inhalation for nausea, fatigue, or mood support. Suitable for travel sickness. Do not inhale undiluted oil directly into nostrils. |
| Skincare blend — oily/combination skin | 0.5–1% in facial serum or light lotion | Add to non-comedogenic carrier for oily or congested skin; avoid periorbital area. Patch test required. Not recommended for sensitive or rosacea-prone skin. |
| Room spray / surface mist | 10–15 drops per 100 ml distilled water + dispersant | Effective natural indoor insect deterrent; shake before each use. Combine with citronella (Java) for enhanced repellent effect. |
Dầu nền phù hợp
Jojoba oilLightweight liquid wax, comedogenic rating 2; mimics sebum structure and extends shelf life of volatile citrus constituents; ideal for oily and combination skin blends.
Grapeseed oilExtremely light, virtually non-greasy; high linoleic acid content complements combava's monoterpene profile for oily or congested skin applications.
Sweet almond oilBalanced oleic/linoleic fatty acid profile; neutral scent allows combava's distinctive citrus-herbal character to express clearly; suited for body massage formulas.
Fractionated coconut oilCompletely stable and odourless; excellent for roller-ball insect-repellent applications and diffuser pre-dilutions requiring a dry-skin-feel carrier.
Kết hợp tốt với
GreenSpicyFloralWoody
Blend kinh điển
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[Tisserand & Young] Ch.13 p.544 (Combava fruit)
[Sato, A., Asano, K., Sato, T.] chemistry
[Manosroi, J., Dhumtanom, P., Manosroi, A.] chemopreventive activity vs KB + P388 cell lines
[Chapter 14 Constituent profiles] β-Pinene, Sabinene, (+)-Limonene low reproductive toxicity; Citronellal + (+)-Limonene antitumoral
An Toàn
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Thai kỳ & Cho con bú
Tam cá nguyệt 1Unknown
Tam cá nguyệt 2Unknown
Tam cá nguyệt 3Unknown
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