Tổng Quan
- Danh pháp khoa học
- Calamintha nepeta L. subsp. glandulosa
- Họ thực vật
- Lamiaceae (Labiatae)
- Bộ phận dùng
- Aerial parts
- Phương pháp chiết xuất
- Steam distillation
- Màu sắc
- —
- Phân loại nốt hương
- Nốt Top/Middle
- Hương thơm
- —
- Chemotype / Cultivar
- —
Tình trạng tại Việt Nam
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fresh minty camphoraceous pulegone-pennyroyal-strong menthone-mint-cooling Italian-Tuscan-nepitella-culinary hepatotoxic-class
tươi, bạc hà, long não, pulegone mạnh hương pennyroyal, menthone bạc hà long não mát, hơi dược tính, hơi balsam, nepitella Tuscany cổ điển ẩm thực, cổ điển Địa Trung Hải, ít ngọt hơn peppermint, long não hơn spearmint, ít mát hơn cornmint, hương cảnh báo độc gan
2–4 giờ
Tên gọi tại Việt Nam
Pha Chế & Hòa Hợp
Isomenthone and piperitone-class ketones relax GI smooth-muscle tone, reducing cramping and bloating; mirrors the established antispasmodic mechanism of related Lamiaceae menthone-class oils.
Ref: Tisserand & Young 2014, p. 489-490; class-extrapolation from peppermint (isomenthone/menthone smooth-muscle class)
Volatile monoterpene ketone constituents reduce intestinal gas formation; consistent with centuries of Italian folk-medicine use of nepitella as a digestive herb.
Ref: Tisserand & Young 2014, p. 489-490; Ristorcelli et al. 1996 (terpene profile confirmed by 13C-NMR)
Pulegone, confirmed in this subspecies by 13C-NMR, is a well-documented monoterpene-ketone arthropod deterrent active against mosquitoes and other insects.
Ref: Ristorcelli et al. 1996; class-extrapolation from pennyroyal (pulegone-class insect-repellent)
Piperitone and isomenthone stimulate mucociliary clearance and thin bronchial secretions, supporting traditional Calamintha use for respiratory catarrh.
Ref: class-extrapolation from peppermint/cornmint (piperitone/menthone Lamiaceae class); Tisserand & Young 2014, p. 489-490
Lamiaceae monoterpene ketones (isomenthone, piperitone, pulegone) disrupt bacterial membrane integrity; activity inferred from chemical-class membership, not species-specific bioassay.
Ref: class-extrapolation from spearmint and pennyroyal (Lamiaceae monoterpene-ketone antimicrobial class)
Pulegone metabolises to menthofuran, which depletes glutathione and causes centrilobular necrosis; hepatotoxicity operates via both menthofuran-dependent and independent routes.
Ref: Thomassen et al. 1990 (pulegone/menthofuran hepatotoxicity); Moorthy et al. 1989a (pulegone hepatotoxin); Opdyke 1978 (LD₅₀ 500 mg/kg)
AI-summary
No RCT-grade clinical evidence located for Calamintha nepeta subsp. glandulosa essential oil. Available citations address pulegone safety toxicology: Thomassen et al. (1990) established two concurrent hepatotoxicity pathways — menthofuran-dependent (reactive metabolite + glutathione depletion) and menthofuran-independent. Moorthy et al. (1989a) confirmed pulegone is hepatotoxic in rats via oxidative metabolites. Opdyke (1978) reported pulegone oral LD₅₀ at 500 mg/kg in rats. EC (1988) capped pulegone at 25 mg/kg in food; UK (1992) imposed parallel restrictions. Ristorcelli et al. (1996) confirmed the terpene profile by 13C-NMR. Therapeutic claims rest on traditional Mediterranean use and chemical-class extrapolation from related Lamiaceae oils.
NarrativeTâm trạng: Stimulating, Uplifting
Chakra
throat
Ngũ hành
kim
| Phương pháp | Liều lượng | Ghi chú |
|---|---|---|
| Diffusion | 2-3 drops in 100 ml ultrasonic diffuser | Limit to 15–20 min in ventilated room; avoid prolonged inhalation (pulegone vapour). Not for pregnant women, young children, or persons with hepatic impairment. |
| Topical massage | 0.5–1.5% in carrier oil (adult max 1.5%) | Apply to abdomen for digestive support or chest for respiratory use. Contraindicated in pregnancy. Patch-test first; avoid damaged or sensitive skin. |
| Personal inhaler | 3-4 drops on cotton wick | 3–5 breaths maximum per session. For digestive or mild respiratory relief in healthy adults only. Not for pregnant women or those with liver disease. |
| Warm compress | 2-3 drops in 500 ml warm water; soak cloth and apply | Apply over abdomen for digestive spasm. Replace every 5–10 min. Aqueous dilution reduces systemic pulegone exposure vs direct topical. |
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