- Juniperus oxycedrus L. (Cupressaceae) — wood, by destructive distillation, CRUDE (unrectified) form. Plant = prickly juniper; oil name = cade / juniper tar. This file covers the UNRECTIFIED form only; for the purified form see [[cade-rectified]] (distinct IFRA regulatory status + ~400× lower PAH load).
- IFRA PROHIBITED as fragrance ingredient. IFRA Code of Practice 2009: crude cade oil must not be used as fragrance ingredient; only rectified cade permitted (and only if final product contains ≤1 ppb total PAHs combined with [[birch-tar]]). This is absolute regulatory prohibition, not a cap.
- T&Y hazards: Potentially carcinogenic (benzo[a]pyrene). Contraindications: "Should not be used, either internally or externally." Contains benzo[a]pyrene 8 ppm (~8,000 ppb) — ~400× higher than rectified; cresols <2.5%, guaiacol <1.5%, phenol <0.7% (Burfield 2000).
- Documented clinical poisoning cases (pediatric + adult): Koruk 2005 adult ingested 'a spoonful' → fever + severe hypotension + renal failure + hepatotoxicity + severe facial cutaneous burns, 11-day hospitalization; Achour 2011 1-month-old Moroccan infant with dermal application to face/neck/arms → convulsions + respiratory distress + tachycardia + unrecordably low BP + acute pulmonary edema + renal failure + hepatotoxicity, 11-day ICU; Rahmani 2004 4-month-old with intrarectal application for seborrheic dermatitis → same pattern, 3-day ICU.
- Mutagenicity + genotoxicity documented: mutagenic in two assays (Takizawa 1985), classified as weakly genotoxic (Ueno 1984); DNA adducts in excised human skin (Phillips 1990); "worrying level of (potentially carcinogenic) DNA adducts" in psoriasis patients receiving cade therapy (Schoket 1990). Destructive-distillation pyrolysate class-peer = [[birch-tar]] only.
Tổng Quan
- Danh pháp khoa học
- Juniperus oxycedrus L.
- Họ thực vật
- Cupressaceae
- Bộ phận dùng
- Wood
- Phương pháp chiết xuất
- destructive_distillation
- Màu sắc
- —
- Phân loại nốt hương
- —
- Hương thơm
- —
- Chemotype / Cultivar
- —
Tình trạng tại Việt Nam
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Phân loại nốt
Not relevant — IFRA PROHIBITED
Cường độ
4/5
Độ bền trên da
2–4 giờ
Họ hương
Heavy smoky-tarry-phenolic-creosote — more aggressive than rectified due to retained phenoli...
Hương đầu (Opening)(0–15 phút)
Dense tar-smoke and ancient charred wood, medicinal phenolic darkness, smoldering juniper resin, raw and primitive earth
Hương giữa (Heart)(15–60 phút)
Khói nhựa đặc sệt, gỗ cháy nguyên thủy thô mộc, vị dược liệu tối tăm, nhựa juniper âm ỉ cháy, trầm sâu và hoang dã
Hương nền (Drydown)(1–4 giờ)
2–4 giờ
Cường độ hương
4/5
Da khô
1/5
Da dầu/mụn
1/5
Da lão hóa
1/5
Da thường
1/5
Da nhạy cảm
1/5
Da hỗn hợp
1/5
Nhập khẩuImported
Tên gọi tại Việt Nam
Tinh dầu Cade unrectified (Juniper tar, chưa tinh chế)
Pha Chế & Hòa Hợp
antipruritic (historical, traditional)
Phenolic constituents (guaiacol, cresols) in crude cade distillate were historically credited with antipruritic effects on scaling dermatoses such as psoriasis and chronic eczema; mechanistic data are absent from modern safety-graded literature.
Ref: Tisserand & Young 2014, Ch.13, p.487–488
keratolytic (historical, traditional)
High phenol content promotes desquamation of hyperkeratotic skin plaques; historically used in compounded dermatological preparations for psoriasis before PAH hazard was fully characterised.
Ref: Tisserand & Young 2014, Ch.13, p.487–488; Burfield 2000
antimicrobial (phenolic pyrolysate class)
Phenolic and cresolic constituents confer broad antimicrobial activity consistent with other phenol-rich pyrolysates; mechanism is disruption of bacterial membrane integrity via phenol partitioning.
Ref: class-extrapolation from birch-tar (Betula spp.) — phenolic pyrolysate class
genotoxic hazard (PAH content)
PAH content including benzo[a]pyrene forms covalent DNA adducts in treated tissue and tests positive in standard mutagenicity assays; this is a hazard designation, not a therapeutic action.
Ref: Schoket et al 1990; Phillips et al 1990; Takizawa et al 1985; Budavari 1989
acute systemic toxicant (oral/dermal routes)
Documented acute poisoning in adults and infants via oral, dermal, and intrarectal routes; phenols and PAHs are dermally absorbed, producing systemic toxicity at low doses, especially in neonates.
Ref: Koruk et al 2005; Achour et al 2011; Rahmani et al 2004
AI-summary
No RCT-grade evidence supports therapeutic use of crude (unrectified) cade oil. Historical dermatological use in psoriasis and eczema predates modern toxicology and involved compounded tar preparations, not neat EO. The available controlled data are entirely hazard-focused: Schoket et al (1990) detected DNA adducts in psoriasis patients under cade therapy; Phillips et al (1990) demonstrated genotoxicity in excised human skin; Takizawa et al (1985) confirmed mutagenicity in standard assays; Bouhlal et al (1988a) documented skin irritation in volunteer testing. Acute poisoning cases in an adult (Koruk 2005) and two infants (Achour 2011; Rahmani 2004) confirm serious systemic toxicity across exposure routes. IFRA (2009) prohibits crude cade oil in cosmetic/consumer products. The historical therapeutic evidence base is entirely superseded by genotoxicity, mutagenicity, and carcinogenicity data.
NarrativeTâm trạng: Grounding
primalsolitudemelancholyancientprotectioninstinct
Chakra
root
Ngũ hành
thuy
| Phương pháp | Liều lượng | Ghi chú |
|---|---|---|
| Atmospheric diffusion (educational reference only) | Not recommended; if assessed by licensed practitioner, ≤1 drop in open space | CONTRAINDICATED_ALL. Crude cade PAHs (benzo[a]pyrene) are genotoxic by inhalation. Not for home or self-use. Professional/educational context only. IFRA 2009 prohibits this oil in consumer products. |
| Compounded dermatological use (historical only) | Max dermal = 0.0%; no safe topical concentration exists | Topical PROHIBITED (max_dermal=0.0%). Historical psoriasis use obsolete due to DNA adducts (Schoket 1990) and genotoxicity (Phillips 1990). Not interchangeable with rectified cade (EO699). |
Dầu nền phù hợp
Not applicableMax_dermal=0.0% and CONTRAINDICATED_ALL=TRUE; no topical carrier is appropriate. Recommending a carrier would imply safe topical use, which is contraindicated per Tisserand & Young 2014 and IFRA 2009.
Kết hợp tốt với
WoodyResinousEarthySpicy
Blend kinh điển
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[Tisserand & Young] Ch.13 p.487–488 (Cade unrectified)
[IFRA] cade oil (crude) prohibition
[Burfield] crude cade chemistry, PAH + phenolic content
[Bouhlal, K. et al] volunteer irritation testing
[Koruk, S.T. et al] adult ingestion poisoning case
[Achour, S. et al] 1-month-old infant dermal poisoning case
[Rahmani, N. et al] 4-month-old infant intrarectal poisoning case
[Schoket, B. et al] DNA adducts in psoriasis patients under cade therapy
[Phillips, D.H. et al] genotoxicity in excised human skin
[Takizawa et al] mutagenicity assays
[Ueno et al] genotoxicity classification
[Budavari, S.] benzo[a]pyrene carcinogen reference
An Toàn
Giới hạn da tối đa
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Giới hạn IFRA
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Thai kỳ & Cho con bú
Tam cá nguyệt 1Unknown
Tam cá nguyệt 2Unknown
Tam cá nguyệt 3Unknown
Giới hạn độ tuổi
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Bảo quản
Bảo quản nơi tối, mát