- Nigella sativa L. (Ranunculaceae) — hạt (seeds), steam-distilled essential oil. Tên gọi đa dạng — đặc biệt cảnh báo nhầm lẫn với "black seed FIXED OIL" (cold-pressed lipid extract, vẫn bán dưới cùng tên thương mại "black seed oil" / "kalonji oil"). Fixed oil chứa ~0.5% essential oil → toxicology overlap.
- Primary hazard = thymoquinone-driven fetotoxicity + skin sensitization (moderate) + drug interaction (antidiabetic). Thymoquinone 26.8–54.8% là constituent dominant + signature anti-inflammatory + lý do contraindication.
- Chemistry: Thymoquinone 26.8–54.8% + p-cymene 14.7–38.0% + longifolene 1.2–10.2% + α-thujene 1.3–10.1% + carvacrol 0.5–4.2%. Mozaffari et al 2000 (Iranian seeds, steam distilled). Microwave-distilled oils có thymoquinone 6.2–18.4% — chemotype variation đáng kể giữa countries.
- Contraindicated pregnancy + breastfeeding (all routes). Cautions: oral với antidiabetic medication (cardiovascular hypoglycemic effect); dermal trên hypersensitive/diseased/damaged skin + children under 2 years.
- Non-phototoxic (Ranunculaceae seed steam EO ≠ furocoumarin source). Skin sensitization moderate — multiple ACD case reports (5+ confirmed in literature 1995–2012). Disambiguate carefully từ FIXED OIL khi lấy lịch sử bệnh nhân.
Tổng Quan
- Danh pháp khoa học
- Nigella sativa L.
- Họ thực vật
- Ranunculaceae
- Bộ phận dùng
- Seeds
- Phương pháp chiết xuất
- steam_distillation
- Màu sắc
- —
- Phân loại nốt hương
- Nốt Top
- Hương thơm
- —
- Chemotype / Cultivar
- —
Tình trạng tại Việt Nam
Xem chi tiết
Phân loại nốt
Top
Cường độ
4/5
Độ bền trên da
2–4 giờ
Họ hương
Phenolic-spicy-medicinal (thymol-cousin, peppery, slightly bitter-resinous)
Hương đầu (Opening)(0–15 phút)
Pungent medicinal heat with bitter edge, wild phenolic warmth of sun-scorched thyme and cumin, dry-earth smoke threaded through sharp spice, assertive and penetrating, an ancient fieriness that lingers long
Hương giữa (Heart)(15–60 phút)
Cay hắc y dược bốc nhiệt đắng sắc, ấm nồng phenolic như cỏ xạ hương khô phơi nắng sa mạc, khói đất cằn quyện giữa cay sắc, xâm lấn quyết đoán, hơi ấm cổ xưa vương vấn lâu không tan
Hương nền (Drydown)(1–4 giờ)
2–4 giờ
Cường độ hương
4/5
Da khô
2/5
Da dầu/mụn
3/5
Da lão hóa
2/5
Da thường
3/5
Da nhạy cảm
1/5
Da hỗn hợp
3/5
Nhập khẩuImported
Tên gọi tại Việt Nam
Tinh dầu hạt thì là đen / hắc chủng thảo (Black seed / Black cumin)
Pha Chế & Hòa Hợp
Antioxidant
Thymoquinone (26.8–54.8% of EO) directly scavenges reactive oxygen species and inhibits lipid peroxidation, reducing oxidative damage at the cellular level.
Ref: Burits & Bucar (2000); Hosseinzadeh et al (2007); Abdel-Wahhab & Aly (2005)
Anti-inflammatory (topical, preclinical)
Thymoquinone modulates the arachidonic acid cascade, suppressing pro-inflammatory eicosanoid synthesis; topical bioavailability from the steam-distilled EO has not been directly measured in human studies.
Ref: Tisserand & Young 2014, Ch.13
Antimicrobial
Thymoquinone and p-cymene disrupt microbial cell membrane integrity; both constituents have independently established broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity documented in constituent-level literature.
Ref: Tisserand & Young 2014, Ch.13
Antiproliferative (in vitro / animal models)
Thymoquinone exerts antiangiogenic effects and inhibits tumor cell proliferation in murine models and colon/stomach cell lines; no direct clinical evidence for aromatherapy EO use.
Ref: Yi et al (2008); Salim & Fukushima (2003); Ait M'barek et al (2007a)
Hepatoprotective (animal model)
Thymoquinone-driven reduction of hepatic oxidative stress markers in animal models; route of administration in all cited studies was oral/systemic, not topical EO application.
Ref: Turkdogan et al (2003)
Emmenagogue / uterotonic (traditional, precautionary)
Traditional classification as a post-partum uterine herb; in vitro smooth muscle data are equivocal, but pregnancy contraindication is maintained as an absolute precautionary measure based on historical use.
Ref: Kapur (1948); Aqel & Shaheen (1996)
AI-summary
No RCT-grade clinical evidence exists for the steam-distilled EO in topical or inhalation aromatherapy. Preclinical evidence supports antioxidant activity of dominant constituent thymoquinone via free-radical scavenging and lipid peroxidation inhibition (Burits & Bucar 2000; Hosseinzadeh et al 2007). Antiproliferative and antiangiogenic effects of thymoquinone are documented in murine models and cell lines (Yi et al 2008; Salim & Fukushima 2003), but these studies used isolated constituent or fixed oil administered systemically — not the steam-distilled EO topically. Conversely, clinical evidence of skin sensitization is robust: multiple independent ACD case reports (El-Rab & Al-Sheikh 1995; Zedlitz et al 2002; Steinmann et al 1997) and bullous/EM eruption cases (Nosbaum et al 2011; Gelot et al 2012) confirm the oil as a verified contact allergen requiring mandatory patch testing before any topical use.
NarrativeTâm trạng: Stimulating, Grounding
resilienceprotectionvitalityfocuscouragepurification
Chakra
solar
Ngũ hành
kim
| Phương pháp | Liều lượng | Ghi chú |
|---|---|---|
| Diffusion | 2-3 drops in 100 ml diffuser water | Lowest-risk route. Use in well-ventilated space, max 30 min per session. Avoid in presence of pregnant women. Intense spicy-medicinal aroma; blend with frankincense or sandalwood to moderate. |
| Topical massage | 0.5–1% in carrier oil (max 1% adult dermal cap) | Mandatory 48h patch test at 0.5% before first use. Do not exceed 1% dermal cap. Avoid on broken or sensitized skin. Absolutely contraindicated in pregnancy at any dilution. Not for children. |
| Skincare — spot treatment | 0.5% in unscented cream or jojoba wax | Patch test mandatory. Apply to localized oily or blemish-prone areas only; avoid large facial surfaces. Discontinue immediately at first sign of redness, itching, or swelling. |
| Steam inhalation | 1–2 drops in bowl of 500 ml hot water | Keep eyes closed during inhalation. Inhale max 5–10 min. Useful for upper respiratory congestion. Avoid for pregnant women and young children. Not a substitute for medical treatment. |
Dầu nền phù hợp
Jojoba waxNon-comedogenic and highly stable; ideal for oily or blemish-prone skin applications; long shelf life complements the need for stable dilution of this sensitizer-risk EO.
Argan oilRich in oleic acid and tocopherols; antioxidant profile synergizes with thymoquinone's antioxidant action and adds emollient benefit within the strict 1% EO cap.
Sweet almond oilMild, versatile carrier with low sensitization potential; reduces compounded allergen burden when diluting a documented contact sensitizer such as black seed EO.
Hemp seed oilHigh linoleic acid content suits oily or acne-prone applications; its own anti-inflammatory fatty acid profile complements the EO's anti-inflammatory constituent actions.
Kết hợp tốt với
SpicyHerbaceousWoodyEarthyResinous
Blend kinh điển
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[Tisserand & Young] Ch.13 p.478–479 (Black seed)
[Mozaffari, F. S. et al] chemistry profile (Iranian steam-distilled)
[Lawrence, B. M.] chemotype variation across countries (microwave-distilled)
[El-Rab, M. O. G. & Al-Sheikh, O. A.] 2 dermatitis cases Saudi Arabia
[Zedlitz, S. et al] ACD case report (eczema patient)
[Steinmann, A. et al] ACD case report (28-y-old man)
[Nosbaum, A. et al] erythema multiforme (oral capsules — fixed oil)
[Gelot, P. et al] bullous eruption (oral + dermal)
[Aqel, M. & Shaheen, R.] uterine smooth muscle spontaneous contraction inhibition
[Yi, T. et al] antiangiogenic action of thymoquinone
[Salim, E. I. & Fukushima, S.] DMH-colon antiproliferative
[Ait M'barek, L. et al] antitumor mouse models
[Islam, S. N. et al] immunotoxicity rats + cytotoxicity stomach cell lines
[Sultan, M. T. et al] subchronic toxicity 8-week dietary
[Turkdogan, M. K. et al] hepatoprotective
[Burits, M. & Bucar, F.] antioxidant
[Hosseinzadeh, H. et al] lipid peroxidation protection
[Abdel-Wahhab, M. A. & Aly, S. E.] aflatoxin protection
[Al-Hader, A. et al] hypoglycemic effect rabbits
[Kapur, R.] uterine herb survey post-childbirth
[Badary, O. A. et al] thymoquinone oral LD50 mice
[Jenner, P. M. et al] p-cymene oral LD50 rats
An Toàn
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Thai kỳ & Cho con bú
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Tam cá nguyệt 3Unknown
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