- Chrysanthemum balsamita L., Asteraceae (Compositae). Synonyms: Costmary, alecost. Botanical synonyms: Balsamita major Desf., Pyrethrum majus Desf. Source: aerial parts, steam distillation. Chemotype đang profile là carvone-chemotype — ngoài ra có camphor-chemotype nhưng không commercial (T&Y Comments).
- Chemistry (Bestmann et al 1984 — via B216 p.452–453): (−)-Carvone 51.5% (dominant) + β-Cubebene 4.7% + (+)-Limonene 2.6% + α-Thujone 0.8% + β-Thujone 0.2%. Total thujone ≈1.0% — thấp so với thresholds sage / wormwood (20–60%), nhưng đủ để T&Y cảnh báo "slightly neurotoxic" + áp oral cap.
- Hazards: May be slightly neurotoxic (thujone content); skin sensitization (low risk). Contraindications: None known. Max oral daily: 700 mg. Max dermal: 2.3%.
- Carvone-dermal-cap rail (CRITICAL): Dermal 2.3% = 1.2% IFRA carvone leave-on cap ÷ 51.5% carvone content (math: 1.2/0.515 ≈ 2.33% → 2.3%). KHÔNG phải framework default — đây là regulatory math cap driven bởi carvone (cả hai isomer) sensitization. Thujone-oral-cap rail: Oral 700 mg = 0.1 mg/kg thujone × 70 kg / 0.01 (1% thujone) = 700 mg oil/day. T&Y carvone oral max (12.5 mg/kg) KHÔNG áp dụng vì không binding so với thujone (700 mg < carvone-math 1700 mg/day).
- CoE vs T&Y divergence rail (negative info): CoE 1992 ADI carvone = 1 mg/kg → 136 mg oil/day (≈2 giọt) — chặt hơn T&Y 5×. T&Y ghi rõ "This is equivalent to 136 mg... approximately two drops" nhưng chính thức dùng 700 mg vì T&Y oral cap carvone isomer cao hơn. Camphor-chemotype-NEGATIVE rail: Hàm lượng 51.5% carvone này là chemotype carvone-dominant; tồn tại chemotype camphor-dominant nhưng không commercial (T&Y Comments). Nếu WebSearch trả carvone < 20% → flag WIKI_WEB_CONFLICT:chemotype.
Tổng Quan
- Danh pháp khoa học
- Chrysanthemum balsamita L.
- Họ thực vật
- Asteraceae
- Bộ phận dùng
- Aerial parts
- Phương pháp chiết xuất
- steam_distillation
- Màu sắc
- —
- Phân loại nốt hương
- Nốt Middle
- Hương thơm
- —
- Chemotype / Cultivar
- —
Tình trạng tại Việt Nam
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Phân loại nốt
Middle
Cường độ
3/5
Độ bền trên da
2–4 giờ
Họ hương
Fresh-herbaceous-minty + spicy undertone (caraway-like từ (−)-carvone đối nghịch (+)-carvone...
Hương đầu (Opening)(0–15 phút)
Warm spearmint breath rising from sunlit leaves, sweet herbal softness with a faint balsamic depth, gentle spice-warmth kissing the throat, fresh meadow herbs and dried hay, softly tenacious on skin
Hương giữa (Heart)(15–60 phút)
Hơi thở bạc hà ấm áp tỏa lên từ lá dưới nắng, dịu ngọt thảo mộc mang chiều sâu nhựa balsam thoảng qua, ấm áp gia vị như nụ hôn nhẹ lên cổ họng, thảo dược đồng cỏ và cỏ khô ban mai, bền lưu êm ái trên da
Hương nền (Drydown)(1–4 giờ)
2–4 giờ
Cường độ hương
3/5
Da khô
2/5
Da dầu/mụn
3/5
Da lão hóa
2/5
Da thường
3/5
Da nhạy cảm
1/5
Da hỗn hợp
3/5
Nhập khẩuImported
Tên gọi tại Việt Nam
Tinh dầu Balsamite (Costmary)
Pha Chế & Hòa Hợp
Carminative / digestive antispasmodic
Carvone, a dominant monoterpene ketone, relaxes intestinal smooth muscle via calcium channel modulation, reducing cramping and flatulence — mechanism class-shared with spearmint EO where spasmolytic effects are well documented.
Ref: Tisserand & Young 2014, Ch.13 p.452–453; class-extrapolation from spearmint (carvone-rich peer)
Antimicrobial
Carvone disrupts bacterial cell membrane integrity and inhibits fungal growth in vitro; antimicrobial spectrum covers Gram-positive bacteria and common dermatophytes at constituent-class level.
Ref: Class-extrapolation from spearmint (Mentha spicata) and dill (Anethum graveolens) — carvone constituent class; Bestmann et al. 1984 [via B216]
Insect repellent
Carvone and thujone constituents exert insecticidal and fumigant activity against common household insects and fabric pests; traditional costmary use as moth repellent and flea deterrent is historically well documented.
Ref: Tisserand & Young 2014, Ch.13 p.452–453; carvone + thujone constituent profiles — B216 Ch.14
Mild expectorant
Carvone promotes secretion thinning in the respiratory mucosa, easing expectoration; traditional respiratory use of costmary herb paralleled in carvone-class EOs including spearmint and dill.
Ref: Class-extrapolation from spearmint (carvone class); Tisserand & Young 2014, Ch.13 p.452–453
Mild anti-inflammatory
Carvone-class monoterpene ketones may modulate release of pro-inflammatory mediators at the site of application, consistent with mild topical anti-inflammatory activity documented in related carvone-rich EOs.
Ref: Class-extrapolation from spearmint (carvone class); Tisserand & Young 2014, Ch.13 p.452–453
AI-summary
Traditional aromatherapy use; no RCT-grade clinical evidence located for balsamite EO specifically. Primary safety and therapeutic data from Tisserand & Young (2014) Essential Oil Safety, 2nd ed., Ch.13 p.452–453. Constituent-level evidence: carvone (major constituent, IFRA 2009 leave-on cap 1.2%) has demonstrated antimicrobial and spasmolytic properties in peer-reviewed studies on spearmint and dill EOs. Thujone (potentially present; cited in B216 Ch.14 constituent profile) carries neurotoxic risk documented across Artemisia and Salvia species (T&Y Ch.14). Council of Europe (1992) sets carvone oral ADI at 1 mg/kg — stricter than T&Y — indicating regulatory concern about sustained internal exposure. GC composition documented by Bestmann et al. (1984) via B216. No controlled trials for balsamite EO in digestive, antimicrobial, or other therapeutic applications were identified in available literature.
NarrativeTâm trạng: Stimulating, Balancing
clarityfocusinvigorationbalancenostalgiaalertness
Chakra
solar
Ngũ hành
kim
| Phương pháp | Liều lượng | Ghi chú |
|---|---|---|
| Diffusion | 2-3 drops in 100ml water | Refreshing digestive ambient blend; limit sessions to ≤30 min due to thujone fraction; ventilate room well; not for use around children or pregnant individuals. |
| Topical massage | 1-2% in carrier oil (adult maximum 2.3%) | Abdominal massage for digestive support; avoid face and broken skin; patch test required; contraindicated in pregnancy, breastfeeding, and children under 12. |
| Warm compress | 3-4 drops per 500ml warm water on cloth | Apply to abdomen for digestive discomfort; leave 10–15 minutes; always pre-dilute in a small amount of carrier before adding to water; discontinue on irritation. |
| Steam inhalation | 1-2 drops in bowl of hot water | Brief inhalation only (1–2 minutes max); keep eyes closed; thujone content limits frequency — no more than once daily; avoid in respiratory sensitivity or asthma. |
Dầu nền phù hợp
Sweet almond oilLightweight, neutral-scented carrier that does not overpower the distinctive herbal aroma; good slip for abdominal massage applications at low dilution.
Jojoba oilStable liquid wax with extended shelf life, ideal for infrequent specialty oil blending; non-greasy finish suits the limited-use profile of this restricted EO.
Sunflower oil (high-oleic)Light-bodied, economical base well suited for abdominal compress and massage applications; excellent spreadability and skin compatibility at 1–2% dilution.
Kết hợp tốt với
HerbaceousSpicyCitrusWoodyCamphoraceous
Blend kinh điển
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—
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[Tisserand & Young] Ch.13 p.452–453
[Bestmann, H.J. et al] GC composition [via B216]
[IFRA] carvone leave-on cap 1.2%
[Council of Europe] carvone oral ADI 1 mg/kg (stricter than T&Y)
[Carvone + thujone constituent profiles] B216 Ch.14
An Toàn
Giới hạn da tối đa
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Giới hạn IFRA
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Thai kỳ & Cho con bú
Tam cá nguyệt 1Unknown
Tam cá nguyệt 2Unknown
Tam cá nguyệt 3Unknown
Giới hạn độ tuổi
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Bảo quản
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