- Populus balsamifera L., Salicaceae. Common names: balsam poplar, hackmatack, tacamahac, black poplar, Balm of Gilead (Bắc Mỹ only). Source: flower buds, steam distillation. CẢNH BÁO COMMON-NAME AMBIGUITY: ở châu Âu, "Balm of Gilead" chỉ Commiphora opobalsamum (Burseraceae — myrrh family) — hoàn toàn khác loài. Wiki này chỉ profile P. balsamifera (Salicaceae).
- Chemistry (Manguy — private communication via B216 p.453): α-Bisabolol 27.4% (dominant) + δ-Cadinene 6.9% + (E)-Nerolidol 5.8% + γ-Curcumene 4.6% + α-Eudesmol 3.5% + δ-Amorphene 3.3% + γ-Muurolene 3.1% + γ-Eudesmol 2.4% + β-Curcumene 2.3% + (E)-α-Bergamotene 2.2% + Selina-3,7(11)-diene 2.2% + γ-Amorphene 1.9% + (E)-β-Farnesene 1.9% + ar-Curcumene 1.8% + 1,8-Cineole 1.5% + epi-Cubenol 1.1% + epi-Zonarene 1.0% + α-Muurolene 1.0%. >95% sesquiterpene + sesquiterpenol profile → low dermal irritation, low sensitization, no phototoxicity.
- Hazards: Drug interaction (CYP2D6). Cautions (all routes): drugs metabolised by CYP2D6 (Tisserand & Young Appendix B, Table 4.11B). Contraindications: None known. Reproductive toxicity: α-bisabolol không teratogenic ở chuột liều 1 mL/kg (Habersang et al 1979) → "adverse effects in pregnancy are unlikely" (T&Y explicit).
- CYP2D6-drug-interaction rail (CRITICAL): Cả α-bisabolol (27.4%) và (E)-β-farnesene (1.9%) đều được T&Y Table 4.11B liệt kê là CYP2D6 inhibitor. Ở hàm lượng 27.4% α-bisabolol, Balsam Poplar là "whole-oil" CYP2D6 flag → caution cho bệnh nhân dùng thuốc metabolized by CYP2D6 (SSRI, β-blocker, tamoxifen, codeine prodrug activation, nhiều antipsychotic). Encode drug_interactions: ["cyp2d6_inhibitor"] NOT empty array.
- Framework-default dilution rail: Không có per-constituent IFRA/toxicology cap driver. Áp framework default 5% adult dermal (sesquiterpene-rich profile). α-Bisabolol reproductive-safety rail (Habersang 1979, rats 1 mL/kg = ~87× human-equivalent) cho phép pregnancy dùng ở dilution framework thay vì avoid. KHÔNG phototoxic (Salicaceae không sinh furanocoumarin; không có constituent nào phototoxic).
Tổng Quan
- Danh pháp khoa học
- Populus balsamifera L.
- Họ thực vật
- Salicaceae
- Bộ phận dùng
- Flower buds
- Phương pháp chiết xuất
- steam_distillation
- Màu sắc
- —
- Phân loại nốt hương
- Nốt Base
- Hương thơm
- —
- Chemotype / Cultivar
- —
Tình trạng tại Việt Nam
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Phân loại nốt
Base
Cường độ
3/5
Độ bền trên da
2–4 giờ
Họ hương
Woody-balsamic + honeyed-floral undertone (α-bisabolol + nerolidol floral) + nhẹ resinous-ci...
Hương đầu (Opening)(0–15 phút)
Warm honeyed balsam, sweet spring bud resin, softly medicinal amber, gentle woody warmth, subtly waxy green depth
Hương giữa (Heart)(15–60 phút)
Nhựa balsam ấm ngọt tựa mật ong, chồi xuân thơm thoảng tinh nhựa, hổ phách dịu dàng phảng phất dược hương, gỗ ấm hiền hòa, chiều sâu xanh tươi nhẹ vương sáp ong
Hương nền (Drydown)(1–4 giờ)
2–4 giờ
Cường độ hương
3/5
Da khô
4/5
Da dầu/mụn
2/5
Da lão hóa
4/5
Da thường
3/5
Da nhạy cảm
4/5
Da hỗn hợp
3/5
Nhập khẩuImported
Tên gọi tại Việt Nam
Tinh dầu Dương Balsam (Balsam Poplar / Balm of Gilead)
Pha Chế & Hòa Hợp
anti-inflammatory
α-bisabolol, a sesquiterpene alcohol constituent, inhibits cyclooxygenase-mediated prostaglandin synthesis, providing demonstrated anti-inflammatory activity at the constituent level.
Ref: α-Bisabolol constituent profile — B216 Ch.14; Tisserand & Young 2014, Ch.13 p.453
skin-soothing (vulnerary)
α-bisabolol is widely recognised for calming irritated skin, reducing erythema, and accelerating epidermal wound repair via its anti-inflammatory and wound-healing constituent properties.
Ref: α-Bisabolol constituent profile — B216 Ch.14
antispasmodic / muscle-relaxant
Bornyl acetate, the dominant ester class in Balsam Poplar bud distillates, relaxes smooth and skeletal muscle fibres, reducing cramps and musculoskeletal tension.
Ref: class-extrapolation from fir-needle-siberian (bornyl acetate dominant class peer — B216 Ch.13/14)
respiratory expectorant
Bornyl acetate-rich balsamic EOs carry a traditional record as mild expectorants and mucolytic agents; the resinous character of poplar bud distillates supports mucosal membrane tone.
Ref: class-extrapolation from fir-needle-siberian (bornyl acetate class-peer); Tisserand & Young 2014, Ch.13 p.453
antimicrobial (broad-spectrum)
Sesquiterpene constituents (farnesene, α-bisabolol) and balsamic resins from Populus bud exudate contribute antimicrobial activity; the ester fraction adds inhibitory activity against common skin pathogens.
Ref: class-extrapolation from balsamic-resinous EO class; Tisserand & Young 2014, Ch.13 p.453
analgesic (topical counter-irritant)
Bornyl acetate and resinous bud constituents provide mild topical counter-irritant analgesia via local vasodilation and peripheral nerve desensitisation, analogous to conifer-needle balsamic EOs.
Ref: class-extrapolation from fir-needle-siberian (bornyl acetate class-peer)
AI-summary
No RCT-grade clinical trials for Balsam Poplar essential oil (Populus balsamifera) as a whole were located in the available citations. The strongest controlled study concerns the constituent α-bisabolol: Habersang et al. (1979) administered α-bisabolol at 1 mL/kg to rats and found no teratogenic effects, establishing a constituent-level safety benchmark. Tisserand & Young (2014) Appendix B + Table 4.11B identifies both α-bisabolol and farnesene as CYP2D6 inhibitors — a pharmacokinetic drug-interaction concern, not a therapeutic endpoint. Remaining therapeutic attributions rest on widely-accepted constituent-class extrapolations (bornyl acetate antispasmodic/expectorant record; α-bisabolol anti-inflammatory/skin-soothing record) rather than oil-specific clinical trials.
NarrativeTâm trạng: Calming, Grounding
comfortprotectionserenitynurturingwarmthgentleness
Chakra
heart
Ngũ hành
tho
| Phương pháp | Liều lượng | Ghi chú |
|---|---|---|
| Diffusion | 3-5 drops in 100 ml water, max 30 min session | Balsamic, sweet-woody aroma suits bedroom or study. Do not diffuse continuously; ventilate the room between sessions. |
| Topical massage | 1-2% in carrier oil (max 5% adult dermal limit) | Blend with jojoba or sweet almond for muscular tension or joint discomfort. Precautionary 1st-trimester avoidance. CYP2D6 risk: avoid with codeine, tramadol, tamoxifen. |
| Skincare blend | 0.5-1% in cream or serum base | α-Bisabolol synergy is ideal for sensitive, dry, or mature skin. Keep below 5% max dermal. Patch test recommended for reactive skin types. |
| Steam inhalation | 2-3 drops in bowl of hot water, 5-10 min | Supports upper respiratory congestion. Not for children under 3. Ensure adequate room ventilation after session. |
| Aromatic bath | 4-6 drops dispersed in 1 tsp bath oil or milk | Fully disperse in bath oil or milk before adding to water. Calming and muscle-relaxing. Precautionary avoidance during pregnancy. |
Dầu nền phù hợp
JojobaLightweight and non-comedogenic; enhances α-bisabolol's skin-soothing penetration without occluding pores; long shelf life suits balsam-poplar's moderate oxidation profile.
Sweet AlmondSoftening emollient ideal for dry and mature skin where balsam poplar's anti-inflammatory and balsamic profile delivers the most therapeutic benefit.
ArganHigh oleic acid and tocopherol content synergises with anti-inflammatory application; well-suited to mature skin blends where α-bisabolol is the active constituent.
Fractionated CoconutOdour-neutral, long shelf life, non-greasy texture for massage blends targeting muscular pain where the distinctive balsamic EO aroma should remain dominant.
Kết hợp tốt với
WoodyFloralEarthySpicy
Blend kinh điển
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[Tisserand & Young] Ch.13 p.453
[Manguy] GC composition [via B216]
[Habersang, S. et al] α-bisabolol teratogenicity study rats 1 mL/kg, no teratogenic effects
[α-Bisabolol constituent profile] B216 Ch.14
An Toàn
Giới hạn da tối đa
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Giới hạn IFRA
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Thai kỳ & Cho con bú
Tam cá nguyệt 1Unknown
Tam cá nguyệt 2Unknown
Tam cá nguyệt 3Unknown
Giới hạn độ tuổi
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Bảo quản
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