- Mimusops elengi L., Sapotaceae. Absolute (dung môi chiết từ hoa), NOT steam-distilled EO — đặc thù sản phẩm hương công nghiệp và attar truyền thống. Synonyms: Bakula, vakul, vakula. Nguồn gốc Nam Á / Đông Nam Á (hoa Sao Biển Ấn Độ, dùng cho lễ Hindu và truyền thống Ayurveda / Java).
- Chemistry (Wong & Teng 1994 — via B216 p.451–452): 2-Phenylethanol 38.8% (dominant) + (E)-Cinnamyl alcohol 13.7% + 3-Hydroxy-4-phenyl-2-butanone 4.7% + Methyl benzoate 3.8% + (E)-Methyl cinnamate 3.6% + Nerolidol 3.2% + 2-Phenylethyl acetate 2.6% + Ethyl benzoate 2.4% + (E)-Ethyl cinnamate 1.9% + Methyl salicylate 1.9% + Benzyl alcohol 1.6% + 4-Allyl-2,6-dimethoxyphenol 1.5% + Ethyl butanoate 1.4% + (E)-Cinnamaldehyde 1.3% + p-Methylanisole 1.3% + p-Methylguaiol 1.3% + o-Xylene 1.3% + (E)-Cinnamyl acetate 1.2% + Benzyl benzoate 1.1% + 1-Phenyl-2,3-butanedione 1.1% + 2-Phenylethyl benzoate 1.1%. Chemistry class: benzenoid-heavy floral absolute — 2-phenylethanol + cinnamyl alcohol + cinnamic esters chiếm > 60% cấu hình hương.
- Hazards: Skin sensitization (low risk). Contraindications: None known. Max dermal: 2.9% — KHÔNG phải framework default mà là math IFRA-constrained: 0.4% cinnamyl alcohol cap IFRA 2009 (cat 4+5) ÷ 13.7% cinnamyl alcohol content = 2.9%.
- Cinnamyl-alcohol-sensitizer-cap rail (CRITICAL): Cinnamyl alcohol là chất mẫn cảm da đã được IFRA 2009 khống chế còn 0.4% trong sản phẩm category 5 (kem mặt) và 4 (lotion/oil body). Math của T&Y: 0.4 / 13.7 = 2.92% → làm tròn 2.9%. Cinnamaldehyde nền 1.3% cũng signal nhưng nếu áp cap cinnamaldehyde thì được 3.8% — cinnamyl alcohol chiếm ưu thế (stricter).
- Methyl-salicylate-false-positive rail (NEGATIVE): Hàm lượng methyl salicylate 1.9% KHÔNG đủ kích hoạt bất kỳ restriction nào của T&Y (salicylate cap thường áp khi > 5–10%). Đừng infer thêm cảnh báo giao thoa aspirin. Cinnamaldehyde-secondary-signal rail (NEGATIVE): 1.3% cinnamaldehyde dẫn tới cap tính riêng là 3.8% — nhưng không phải driver; cinnamyl alcohol 2.9% mới là binding constraint. Adulteration rail: T&Y không liệt kê adulterant — Bakul absolute là sản phẩm thị trường nhỏ, adulteration incentive thấp; CO2 extract + sandalwood co-distillate attar cũng tồn tại nhưng có ghi nhãn rõ.
Tổng Quan
- Danh pháp khoa học
- Mimusops elengi L.
- Họ thực vật
- Sapotaceae
- Bộ phận dùng
- Flowers
- Phương pháp chiết xuất
- solvent_extraction_absolute
- Màu sắc
- —
- Phân loại nốt hương
- Nốt Middle/Base
- Hương thơm
- —
- Chemotype / Cultivar
- —
Tình trạng tại Việt Nam
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Phân loại nốt
Middle-Base
Cường độ
4/5
Độ bền trên da
2–4 giờ
Họ hương
Floral — rosy + honey-sweet (từ 2-phenylethanol) + cinnamon-warm + balsamic spice undertone...
Hương đầu (Opening)(0–15 phút)
Luminous rose-hyacinth bloom, ivory powdery warmth, distant cinnamon sweetness trailing in, languid honeyed florals, softly exotic and tender
Hương giữa (Heart)(15–60 phút)
Hoa hồng-hyacinth nở rộ long lanh, ấm ngà mượt mà như phấn, hương quế ngọt thoảng nhẹ từ xa, mật hoa đằm thắm chảy dài, dịu dàng và huyền bí
Hương nền (Drydown)(1–4 giờ)
2–4 giờ
Cường độ hương
4/5
Da khô
3/5
Da dầu/mụn
3/5
Da lão hóa
3/5
Da thường
4/5
Da nhạy cảm
2/5
Da hỗn hợp
3/5
Nhập khẩuImported
Tên gọi tại Việt Nam
Tinh dầu tuyệt đối Bakul
Pha Chế & Hòa Hợp
Mood-lifting / euphoric
Bakul absolute's rich floral volatile profile, anchored by cinnamyl alcohol and allied cinnamic esters, activates olfactory-limbic pathways to produce mood-lifting and mild euphoric effects characteristic of high-grade floral absolutes.
Ref: Tisserand & Young 2014, Ch.13 p.451–452 (catch-all; no bakul-specific RCT); traditional Indian ceremonial and Ayurvedic aromatic use
Mild anxiolytic
Inhalation of bakul absolute's dense floral odorant matrix modulates the limbic system via olfactory nerve projections to the amygdala and hypothalamus, consistent with calming effects reported for the floral absolute class.
Ref: Tisserand & Young 2014, Ch.13 p.451–452; class-extrapolation from floral absolute anxiolytic literature — no controlled trial on bakul itself
Antimicrobial — broad spectrum
Cinnamyl alcohol constituent disrupts microbial cell membrane integrity and reduces enzymatic activity; antimicrobial potency class-extrapolated from the well-documented cinnamaldehyde and cinnamyl alcohol evidence base.
Ref: class-extrapolation from cinnamaldehyde/cinnamyl alcohol — B216 Ch.14; constituent identity confirmed by Wong & Teng 1994 [via B216]
Anti-inflammatory (constituent class)
Cinnamic acid derivatives including cinnamyl alcohol modulate NF-κB signalling and prostaglandin synthesis in vitro; effect class-extrapolated from the cinnamic constituent evidence base, not tested on bakul absolute directly.
Ref: class-extrapolation from cinnamyl alcohol/cinnamaldehyde profiles — B216 Ch.14; constituent confirmed by Wong & Teng 1994 [via B216]
AI-summary
Traditional aromatherapy use; no RCT-grade clinical evidence located for Mimusops elengi flower absolute. GC composition was established by Wong & Teng (1994), confirming cinnamyl alcohol and related cinnamic constituents as key components — findings reported via B216. These constituents drive both the safety cap (IFRA 2009 Category 4+5 cinnamyl alcohol restriction → max dermal 2.9%) and the class-extrapolated antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory inferences. Tisserand & Young (2014, Ch.13 p.451–452) address safety parameters for bakul but cite no therapeutic controlled trials. All therapeutic claims in this profile reside at traditional-use or class-extrapolation level and must not be represented as clinically proven.
NarrativeTâm trạng: Calming, Uplifting
romancetendernessserenityjoynostalgiagrace
Chakra
heart
Ngũ hành
hoa
| Phương pháp | Liều lượng | Ghi chú |
|---|---|---|
| Diffusion | 2-3 drops in 100 ml water | Run intermittently (30 min on / 30 min off) to limit sensitizing allergen accumulation in room air. Suitable for mood-lifting and relaxation contexts. |
| Topical massage | 1-2% in carrier oil (max 2.9% adult) | Patch-test mandatory 24 h before first use. Avoid on broken, inflamed, or sensitised skin. Reserve 2.9% only for brief, targeted applications. |
| Skincare blend | 0.5-1% in cream or serum | Well below the IFRA cinnamyl alcohol leave-on cap. Avoid concentrated facial use on sensitive skin. Patch-test required; discontinue if redness or pruritus occurs. |
| Perfumery blending | ≤2.9% in finished product (IFRA cat 4/5) | Dissolves readily in ethanol for eau de parfum. Use fixed-oil carrier for oil-based perfumes. Rounds and anchors floral heart accords alongside jasmine or rose. |
| Inhalation (direct) | 1-2 drops on cotton pad or tissue | Brief inhalation only (1-2 min). Avoid prolonged direct exposure due to concentrated cinnamyl alcohol allergen load. Suitable for acute mood-lifting moments. |
Dầu nền phù hợp
JojobaStable wax ester with minimal oxidation risk; ideal for leave-on skincare and oil-based perfumery applications of bakul absolute at restricted dilutions without competing scent.
Sweet almond oilOleic-rich, skin-softening carrier that complements the floral warmth of bakul; suitable for body massage blends at ≤2.9% absolute with good spreadability and skin absorption.
Fractionated coconut oilLightweight, odourless, and highly stable; dilutes bakul absolute without masking its delicate cinnamic-floral character; convenient liquid form for body-oil and serum formulations.
Rosehip seed oilLinolenic-rich carrier with skin-renewing properties; pairs with bakul for mature-skin formulations. Use at low percentage; short shelf life requires antioxidant addition.
Kết hợp tốt với
FloralSpicyWoodyResinous
Blend kinh điển
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[Tisserand & Young] Ch.13 p.451–452
[Wong, K.C. & Teng, Y.E.] GC composition [via B216]
[IFRA] cinnamyl alcohol restriction cat 4+5
[Cinnamyl alcohol + cinnamaldehyde profiles] B216 Ch.14
An Toàn
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Giới hạn IFRA
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Thai kỳ & Cho con bú
Tam cá nguyệt 1Unknown
Tam cá nguyệt 2Unknown
Tam cá nguyệt 3Unknown
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Bảo quản
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