SYMELab
Trang chủThư Viện HươngAnise Star
The Perfumer's Grimoire

Tinh dầu Đại hồi / Hồi / Bát giác

Anise Star

Illicium verum J.D. Hook.

Top/MiddleKhác

“Ngọt nồng hương hồi thân quen, ấm áp như kẹo mứt ngày Tết, lan tỏa bền lâu khắp không gian, gia vị Đông phương huyền bí, dư vị nhựa thơm nhẹ nhàng vấn vít”

Chân dung Hương

Sáu trục định hình cá tính khứu giác của tinh chất này.

Mang tinh chất này vào sáng tạo của bạn

Đưa tinh chất vào bàn pha chế thủ công hoặc để AI Perfumer dệt nên một công thức hương đồng hành cùng nó.

Mở khoá Pha Chế PremiumMở khoá AI Perfumer

Tóm Tắt Khoa Học

Từ Thư Viện Kinh Điển
  1. Illicium verum J.D. Hook., Schisandraceae (NOT Apiaceae — different family from [[anise]]). Source: dried ripe star-shaped fruits (follicles); steam distillation. "Star Anise / Chinese Star Anise / Đại hồi / Hồi / Bát giác". CRITICAL LIFE-SAFETY: DO NOT confuse with Illicium anisatum L. (Japanese Star Anise / Shikimi / Mang thảo) — TOXIC species containing anisatin + sikimitoxin neurotoxins; fatal poisonings documented when used as culinary/medicinal substitute.
  2. Chemistry (Okugawa 2000; Lawrence 1989 — via B216): (E)-Anethole 71.2–91.8% (typical 85–90%) + Estragole (methyl chavicol) 0.5–6.0% + Limonene 1.0–5.0% + (E)-Foeniculin 0.5–3.5% + Linalool 0.2–2.5% + α-Pinene 0.1–2.0% + β-Caryophyllene 0.1–1.5% + (Z)-Anethole 0.1–1.0% + Safrole trace. Anethole-dominant (E-isomer 71–92%); shikimic acid extracted from fruit residue is the synthon for oseltamivir (Tamiflu).
  3. Hazards: Drug interaction — estrogenic; skin sensitization; methyl chavicol genotoxic concern; adulteration risk with TOXIC I. anisatum. Contraindications: Pregnancy + lactation + endometriosis + estrogen-dependent cancers; children <5y. Max dermal 1.75% (T&Y — mirrors anise). Max oral 70 mg/day (T&Y). Drug interactions: hormone-sensitive medications, SSRIs, MAOIs, CYP1A2 substrates.
  4. (E)-Anethole-phytoestrogen rail (IMPORTANT): Same mechanism as [[anise]] — (E)-anethole + its metabolite dianethole + photoanethole bind estrogen receptor β at low-micromolar potency. Pregnancy + lactation EO-dose + estrogen-dependent cancers absolute CI — treat as same class as anise for all hormone-axis safety considerations.
  5. Japanese Star Anise adulteration rail (LIFE-CRITICAL): Illicium anisatum L. (Japanese Star Anise, Shikimi) contains anisatin + neoanisatin + shikimin — picrotoxin-class GABA-A antagonist neurotoxins causing seizures, emesis, and in several documented case clusters (including 2003 FDA advisory on infant colic tea) infant fatalities. Chinese star anise (I. verum) and Japanese star anise (I. anisatum) are morphologically similar; the latter is cheaper and has been used as adulterant. ALWAYS source from GC-MS-authenticated supplier; any batch with anisatin >2 ppb is rejected by EU pharmacopoeia. Anisatin is non-volatile so steam-distilled EO is lower-risk than dried-fruit infusion, but adulteration of bulk dried fruit (for tea + cooking) is the primary hazard vector.
🌿
Thận trọngNốt Top/MiddleSweet-licorice-anisic

Anise Star

Tinh dầu Đại hồi / Hồi / Bát giác (Star Anise)

Illicium verum J.D. Hook.

Tinh dầu Đại hồi / Hồi / Bát giác (Star Anise) — Sweet-licorice-anisic

⚠️Tinh dầu này cần thận trọng khi sử dụng. Đọc kỹ hướng dẫn an toàn.

Tổng Quan

Danh pháp khoa học
Illicium verum J.D. Hook.
Họ thực vật
Schisandraceae
Bộ phận dùng
—
Phương pháp chiết xuất
steam_distillation
Màu sắc
—
Phân loại nốt hương
Nốt Top/Middle
Hương thơm
—
Chemotype / Cultivar
—

Tình trạng tại Việt Nam

Xem chi tiết

Phân loại nốt
Top-Middle
Cường độ
4/5
Độ bền trên da
2–4 giờ
Họ hương
Sweet-licorice-anisic
Hương đầu (Opening)(0–15 phút)

Deep-sweet anise liqueur, warm silky licorice, pervasive candied spice, a dark star slowly unfolding in the air, softly resinous and remarkably tenacious

Hương giữa (Heart)(15–60 phút)

Ngọt nồng hương hồi thân quen, ấm áp như kẹo mứt ngày Tết, lan tỏa bền lâu khắp không gian, gia vị Đông phương huyền bí, dư vị nhựa thơm nhẹ nhàng vấn vít

Hương nền (Drydown)(1–4 giờ)

2–4 giờ

Cường độ hương
4/5
Da khô
2/5

Da dầu/mụn
2/5

Da lão hóa
2/5

Da thường
2/5

Da nhạy cảm
1/5

Da hỗn hợp
2/5

Nhập khẩuImported

Tên gọi tại Việt Nam

Tinh dầu Đại hồi / Hồi / Bát giác (Star Anise)

Pha Chế & Hòa Hợp

antispasmodic — digestive smooth muscle

Trans-anethole (~75–90%) relaxes GI smooth muscle via calcium channel antagonism, reducing intestinal cramping and flatulence.

Ref: Tisserand & Young 2014, Ch.14 Anethole profile [via B216]

carminative

Anethole promotes peristalsis and reduces intestinal gas accumulation, the primary traditional-herbal indication for I. verum fruit.

Ref: EMA/HMPC 2014 — community herbal monograph on star anise

expectorant

Anethole stimulates ciliary movement in bronchial epithelium, loosening and facilitating expulsion of respiratory mucus.

Ref: class-extrapolation from anise (Pimpinella anisum) — Tisserand & Young 2014, Ch.13

phytoestrogenic

Trans-anethole is structurally analogous to stilbene phytoestrogens and binds weakly to oestrogen receptors; (Z)-anethole carries higher acute toxicity.

Ref: Tisserand & Young 2014, Ch.14 Anethole profile [via B216]

antimicrobial — broad-spectrum (in vitro)

Anethole disrupts microbial membrane integrity; in-vitro activity reported against Gram-positive species and Candida in anethole-dominant oil class.

Ref: class-extrapolation from anise (P. anisum) — Lawrence 1989 [via B216]

warming / circulatory stimulant

Topical low-dilution application produces localised vasodilation and warmth, supporting traditional abdominal and rheumatic massage use.

Ref: Tisserand & Young 2014, Ch.13 p.445

AI-summary

No RCT-grade clinical evidence exists for Illicium verum EO in aromatherapy. The strongest published data is regulatory-pharmacognostic: EMA/HMPC 2014 recognises traditional herbal use for dyspepsia and cough. The infant neurologic case series (Ize-Ludlow 2004 Pediatrics; Johanns 2002 BMJ; Biessels 2002) and FDA 2003 advisory pertain to I. anisatum contamination of herbal tea products, not to topically applied I. verum EO, reinforcing the authentication imperative. Estragole genotoxicity is evaluated at constituent level by EU SCF 2001 and T&Y Ch.14; no I. verum EO-specific carcinogenicity trial was located in provided sources.

Narrative

Tâm trạng: Calming, Uplifting

comfortnostalgiawarmthsecurityeasejoy

Chakra

solar

Ngũ hành

tho

Phương phápLiều lượngGhi chú
Diffusion2-3 drops in 100 ml water, max 30 min per sessionUse in well-ventilated space only. Absolutely not for use around infants, children, or pregnant women. Prolonged anethole vapour exposure may be sensitising.
Topical massage0.5-1% in carrier oil (5-10 ml blend)Adults only. Abdominal massage for digestive discomfort. Do not exceed 1.75% dermal limit. Avoid mucous membranes, face, and broken skin.
Warm compress2-3 drops in 200 ml warm water on clothWarm abdominal compress for cramping. Short contact duration; remove immediately if erythema develops. Adults only.
Steam inhalation1-2 drops in bowl of hot water, inhale 5 minFor upper respiratory and expectorant support. Eyes closed throughout. Contraindicated for children and pregnant women.

Dầu nền phù hợp

Sweet Almond OilLight, neutral base ideal for abdominal massage; non-comedogenic and skin-compatible at the low dilutions required for star anise EO.
Fractionated Coconut OilOdourless, stable carrier with long shelf life; preserves the distinctive anise scent profile without competing note interference.
Jojoba WaxIndefinite shelf life and non-greasy texture suits targeted spot-massage or compress applications at sub-1% dilutions.

Kết hợp tốt với

CitrusSpicyWoodyResinousFloral

Blend kinh điển

—
—
—
—
[Tisserand & Young] Ch.13 p.445
[Okugawa] star anise EO GC composition [via B216]
[Lawrence] Essential Oils series, anise + star anise chemistry [via B216]
[Ch.14 Estragole profile] 1'-hydroxy-1'-sulfoxy CYP1A2 activation + hepatic genotoxicity [via B216]
[Ch.14 Methyl chavicol profile] genotoxic + carcinogenic (rat, mouse) [via B216]
[Ch.14 Anethole profile] phytoestrogen + (Z)-isomer toxicity [via B216]
[EU SCF 2001] estragole safety opinion (genotoxic carcinogen)
[EMA/HMPC 2014] community herbal monograph on star anise (pregnancy CI, estragole flag, I. anisatum authentication requirement)
[FDA 2003] consumer advisory on Japanese star anise contamination in "colic tea" products, multiple infant seizure cases
[ANSES 2011] French food safety opinion on I. anisatum adulteration
[Ize-Ludlow] neurologic toxicity of star anise teas in infants (7-case series)
[Johanns] star anise infant seizure case (Netherlands)
[Biessels] Japanese star anise seizure cluster

An Toàn

Giới hạn da tối đa

Xem chi tiết

Giới hạn IFRA

Xem chi tiết

Thai kỳ & Cho con bú

Tam cá nguyệt 1Unknown
Tam cá nguyệt 2Unknown
Tam cá nguyệt 3Unknown

Giới hạn độ tuổi

Xem chi tiết

Bảo quản

Bảo quản nơi tối, mát

Xem hồ sơ an toàn chi tiết

Thông tin chỉ mang tính tham khảo, không thay thế tư vấn y tế chuyên nghiệp. SYMELab v2.0

Bí quyết Phối trộn

Mở khoá Premium để xem những cặp đôi cổ điển và nguyên liệu có ái lực hương với tinh chất này.

Nâng cấp Premium để mở khoá

Thông số Kỹ thuật & An toàn

Mở khoá Premium để xem giới hạn pha loãng, chống chỉ định, tương tác thuốc và tiêu chuẩn chất lượng.

Nâng cấp Premium để mở khoá

Đọc Thêm Chuyên Sâu

Nội dung biên dịch từ tài liệu gốc — mở rộng mỗi mục để xem chi tiết.

Hồ Sơ Hoá Học Chi Tiết
§3 Chemical Profile — chemotype, constituent ranges, adulteration
Constituent%
(E)-Anethole71.2–91.8% (typical 85–90%)
Estragole (methyl chavicol)0.5–6.0%
Limonene1.0–5.0%
(E)-Foeniculin0.5–3.5%
Linalool0.2–2.5%
α-Pinene0.1–2.0%
β-Caryophyllene0.1–1.5%
(Z)-Anethole0.1–1.0%
Safroletrace (<0.1%)
Anisaldehyde0.1–1.0%

Chemistry insight:

  • (E)-Anethole dominant (71–92%, typical 85–90%) — same phenylpropene-ether signature as [[anise]]; responsible for characteristic sweet-licorice-anisic scent + flavor. Slightly lower typical range than Pimpinella anise but commercial grades overlap.
  • Estragole (methyl chavicol) 0.5–6% — same CYP1A2-activated genotoxic-carcinogen concern as in anise; EU SCF 2001 + EMA/HMPC flag. Star anise may trend slightly higher in estragole than Pimpinella anise in some samples.
  • (E)-Foeniculin 0.5–3.5% — a dimeric phenylpropene structurally related to anethole; mildly estrogenic; also found in fennel. Does not change safety class meaningfully at trace levels.
  • Shikimic acid (non-volatile, in fruit residue — NOT in EO): Star anise fruit is the world's primary commercial source of shikimic acid, the synthon for oseltamivir phosphate (Tamiflu) antiviral synthesis. Roche/Gilead historically secured 90% of Chinese star anise crop during H5N1 avian flu and H1N1 swine flu scares (2005, 2009). Shikimic acid is extracted from the spent fruit after steam distillation — EO and shikimic acid are complementary co-products, not competing.
  • (Z)-Anethole trace — same toxicity concern as anise; 15-38× more toxic than (E)-anethole in rodents. Aging + heat drives (E)→(Z) isomerization.
  • Safrole trace (<0.1%): Star anise EO typically contains trace safrole, an ally-phenylpropene with stronger hepatocarcinogen signal than estragole (EU restricts safrole to <10 ppm in finished food products). Levels in EO are below thresholds for concern at T&Y caps but contribute to conservative dosing.
  • Quality / adulteration: (1) I. anisatum adulteration (LIFE-CRITICAL — anisatin neurotoxin). (2) Pimpinella anise oil substitution (similar chemistry, different regulatory). (3) Synthetic anethole (ex-pine turpentine). (4) Expired/aged oil with elevated (Z)-anethole. GC-MS + anisatin LC-MS/MS authentication required for therapeutic-grade.
Công Dụng Trị Liệu Chi Tiết
§10 Therapeutic Uses — skin, emotional, physical, respiratory
  • Digestive (oral, strict dose, ADULTS only): Traditional Chinese + Vietnamese + European use for bloating, dyspepsia, flatulence, colic. Modern aromatherapy ≤70 mg/day for adults with screening for hormone-sensitive conditions. NEVER in children <5y — FDA 2003 advisory.
  • Respiratory (inhalation): Mild expectorant + bronchodilator. Steam inhalation + diffusion safer than dermal therapeutic dosing. Traditional Vietnamese use in cold/flu steam inhalation (fruit decoction, not EO, lower dose).
  • Perfumery: Deep-licorice + oriental + gourmand accords; 0.5–3% in fine fragrance. Often blended with or substituted for Pimpinella anise.
  • Liqueur flavoring: Absinthe, pastis (Ricard, Pernod), sambuca, raki, arak, ouzo — commonly uses blend of star anise + Pimpinella anise + fennel to achieve anisic character. Star anise often preferred for cost + availability.
  • Culinary (whole fruit, NOT EO): Pho broth (Vietnamese), five-spice powder (Chinese 五香粉), red-braised meat (Chinese 紅燒), mulled wine (European). Culinary dose (1-2 fruits per large pot) is well below any safety threshold.
  • Shikimic acid industrial: Spent fruit after EO extraction is sold to pharmaceutical manufacturers for shikimic acid → oseltamivir (Tamiflu) synthesis. Not a therapeutic use of the EO itself but a co-product economics factor.
Năng Lượng & Ngũ Hành
§11 Energetics — TCM, Ayurveda, aromatic energetics
  • Five-element (TCM): Thổ (Earth — Spleen + Stomach digestive) + Kim (Metal — Lung respiratory) + Hỏa (Fire — Heart warming). TCM "warm-dispersing" category.
  • Chinese Materia Medica: Ba Jiao Hui Xiang (八角茴香) — warms the interior, expels cold, regulates Qi, alleviates pain. Used for cold-stagnation abdominal pain, hernia pain, vomiting. Classic formula: Xiao Jian Zhong Tang (minor) adjunct; Tian Tai Wu Yao San.
  • Vietnamese traditional medicine: "Hồi" or "Đại hồi" — warming digestive aid; included in protected geographical indication for Lang Son province. Key ingredient in Pho broth (cultural-heritage status).
  • Traditional European (post-Silk Road): Introduced to Europe ~17th century via Russian trade; quickly adopted into liqueur + confectionery tradition where it complemented native anise + fennel.

Dữ Liệu Kỹ Thuật Y Khoa

§14 Renderer Contract — Tisserand & Young V2.2

Thông Số Định Lượng

hazards
["phytoestrogen_ER_beta_binding","estragole_methyl_chavicol_genotoxic_carcinogen","skin_sensitization_anethole","Z_anethole_isomerization_toxicity_storage","life_critical_Illicium_anisatum_adulteration_anisatin"]
phototoxic
false
plant_part
dried_ripe_fruits
phytoestrogen
true
cyp_inhibition
["CYP1A2_secondary"]
chemistry_class
phenylpropene_ether_anethole_dominant
drug_interactions
["estrogen_receptor_hormone_therapy","SSRI_MAOI_serotonin_syndrome_high_oral_dose","CYP1A2_substrate_interaction"]
photoallergy_risk
—
shelf_life_months
42
safrole_trace_flag
true
dominant_constituent
E_anethole
max_dilution_elderly
1
max_oral_dose_mg_day
70
max_dilution_child_2_6
0
authentication_required
true
max_dilution_adult_face
1
max_dilution_child_6_12
0.5
acute_oral_ld50_rat_g_kg
2.6
estragole_genotoxic_flag
true
life_critical_adulterant
Illicium_anisatum_anisatin_neurotoxin
contraindicated_pregnancy
true
max_dilution_child_under2
0
max_dilution_adult_general
1.75
max_dilution_breastfeeding
0
max_dilution_pregnancy_1st
0
max_dilution_pregnancy_2nd
0
max_dilution_pregnancy_3rd
0
crystallization_at_low_temp
true
acute_dermal_ld50_rabbit_g_kg
5
contraindicated_breastfeeding
true
max_oral_dose_mg_day_pregnancy
0
contraindicated_children_under2
true
contraindicated_children_under5
true

Luận Giải Văn Cảnh

family

Schisandraceae

latin_name

Illicium verum J.D. Hook.

phototoxic

plant_part

dried_ripe_fruits_star_shaped_follicles

phytoestrogen

cap_derivation

estragole_methyl_chavicol_genotoxic_plus_anethole_phytoestrogen_composite

cyp_inhibition

CYP1A2_secondary

chemistry_class

phenylpropene_ether_anethole_dominant

storage_concern

E_to_Z_anethole_isomerization_toxicity

regulatory_flags

EU_SCF_2001EMA_HMPC_2014FDA_2003_Japanese_star_anise_advisory

adulteration_risk

LIFE_CRITICAL_documented_infant_fatalities

drug_interactions

estrogen_receptor_hormone_therapy_competitiveSSRI_MAOI_serotonin_syndrome_high_oral_doseCYP1A2_substrate_interaction

known_adulterants

Illicium_anisatum_TOXICPimpinella_anise_substitutionsynthetic_anethole_ex_pine_turpentineaged_oil_high_Z_anethole

supply_chain_note

pandemic_antiviral_demand_can_affect_EO_price_availability

conservation_status

cultivated_not_threatened

estragole_pct_range

0.56.0

genotoxic_mechanism

CYP1A2_activation_1prime_hydroxy_sulfate_conjugate_DNA_electrophile

anethole_E_pct_range

71.291.8

dominant_constituent

E_anethole

max_oral_dose_mg_day

70

authentication_method

GC_MS_plus_anisatin_LCMS_MS_plus_isotope_ratio_MS

industrial_co_product

shikimic_acid_oseltamivir_Tamiflu_synthon

genotoxic_constituents

estragolemethyl_chavicolsafrole_trace

authentication_required

GC_MS_EOanisatin_LCMS_starting_material

geographical_indication

Lang_Son_Vietnam_Hoi

reversible_at_room_temp

adulterant_toxic_congener

Illicium_anisatum_anisatin_neurotoxin

anethole_dominant_cluster

aniseanise_starfennel_sweetfennel_bitter

contraindicated_pregnancy

estrogen_receptor_binding

ER_beta_plus_metabolite_dianethole_more_potent

max_dilution_adult_general

1

crystallization_at_low_temp

estragole_dominant_separate

tarragon_Artemisia_dracunculusbasil_methyl_chavicol_CT

contraindicated_children_under2

contraindicated_children_under5

Z_anethole_toxicity_multiplier_vs_E

15-38

contraindicated_breastfeeding_EO_dose

regulatory_rejection_limit_anisatin_ppb

2

contraindicated_hormone_therapy_concurrent

tamoxifenletrozoleanastrozoleraloxifenebazedoxifeneestradiol_HRTconjugated_estrogens_HRT

estragole_methyl_chavicol_combined_pct_range

0.56.0

contraindicated_estrogen_dependent_conditions

endometriosisuterine_fibroidsbreast_cancer_ER_positiveovarian_cancerendometrial_cancer

Tài Liệu Y Khoa Tham Khảo

  • Tisserand & Young (2014) Essential Oil Safety 2nd ed — Ch.13 p.445
  • Okugawa (2000) — star anise EO GC composition [via B216]
  • Lawrence (1989) — Essential Oils series, anise + star anise chemistry [via B216]
  • Ch.14 Estragole profile — 1'-hydroxy-1'-sulfoxy CYP1A2 activation + hepatic genotoxicity [via B216]
  • Ch.14 Methyl chavicol profile — genotoxic + carcinogenic (rat, mouse) [via B216]
  • Ch.14 Anethole profile — phytoestrogen + (Z)-isomer toxicity [via B216]
  • EU SCF 2001 — estragole safety opinion (genotoxic carcinogen)
  • EMA/HMPC 2014 — community herbal monograph on star anise (pregnancy CI, estragole flag, I. anisatum authentication requirement)
  • FDA 2003 — consumer advisory on Japanese star anise contamination in "colic tea" products, multiple infant seizure cases
  • ANSES 2011 — French food safety opinion on I. anisatum adulteration
  • Ize-Ludlow (2004) Pediatrics 114:e653 — neurologic toxicity of star anise teas in infants (7-case series)
  • Johanns (2002) BMJ 325:679 — star anise infant seizure case (Netherlands)
  • Biessels (2002) Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd — Japanese star anise seizure cluster