- Angelica archangelica L., Apiaceae. Source: root; steam distillation. "Angelica Root / European Angelica / Garden Angelica / Bạch chỉ Âu". Flagship furanocoumarin-phototoxic non-citrus oil + flagship CYP3A4 mechanism-based inhibitor EO (grapefruit-juice-mechanism class). Distinct from [[angelica-root-himalayan]] (A. glauca, phthalide-dominant, different hazard profile) + angelica SEED (same species, different part, MUCH lower phototoxicity).
- Chemistry (Kerrola 1994; Chalchat 1991 — via B216): α-Pinene 14.0–31.1% + δ-3-Carene 8.0–13.8% + α-Phellandrene 2.0–14.0% + β-Phellandrene 10.0–24.0% + Limonene 7.5–15.0% + β-Pinene 1.3–4.3% + p-Cymene 0.5–2.4% + Furanocoumarins (total 0.2–2.0%): Xanthotoxin (8-methoxypsoralen, 8-MOP) + Bergapten (5-methoxypsoralen, 5-MOP) + Imperatorin + Angelicin (isobergapten) + Oxypeucedanin + Psoralen trace. Monoterpene-hydrocarbon dominant + furanocoumarin-phototoxic signature.
- Hazards: PHOTOTOXIC (root oil only); CYP3A4 mechanism-based inhibitor; drug interactions extensive. Contraindications: None absolute; phototoxicity avoidance + drug interaction caution. Max dermal 0.8% (T&Y — phototoxicity cap based on bergapten-equivalent furanocoumarin load). Oral caution: CYP3A4 substrates (statins, calcium-channel blockers, benzodiazepines, cyclosporine, many oncology drugs).
- Furanocoumarin-phototoxicity rail (FLAGSHIP — Apiaceae root): Unlike Ajowan (Apiaceae fruit, thymol, NO furanocoumarins), Angelica ROOT accumulates psoralen-derivatives that absorb UVA (320–400 nm) → excited-state species cross-link DNA pyrimidines → severe erythema + blistering + hyperpigmentation on UV-exposed skin. 12-hour UV avoidance post-topical use (like bergamot, lime-expressed). Angelica SEED oil (same species) has dramatically lower furanocoumarin content — NOT interchangeable at the same dermal cap.
- CYP3A4-mechanism-based-inhibition rail (CRITICAL — grapefruit-juice class): Bergapten + angelicin + imperatorin all irreversibly inactivate CYP3A4 (mechanism-based / suicide inhibition) — same mechanism as bergamottin + 6',7'-dihydroxybergamottin in grapefruit juice. Clinically equivalent to "grapefruit juice drug-interaction class" — affects ~50% of prescription drugs metabolized by CYP3A4. Oral aromatherapy use of angelica root is strongly cautioned in patients on statins (simvastatin, atorvastatin), calcium-channel blockers (felodipine, nifedipine), benzodiazepines (midazolam, triazolam), cyclosporine, tacrolimus, many oncology agents (imatinib, vincristine, paclitaxel), many antiarrhythmics. Even low oral doses may produce clinically meaningful AUC increases.
Tổng Quan
- Danh pháp khoa học
- Angelica archangelica L.
- Họ thực vật
- Apiaceae
- Bộ phận dùng
- —
- Phương pháp chiết xuất
- steam_distillation
- Màu sắc
- —
- Phân loại nốt hương
- Nốt Top/Middle
- Hương thơm
- —
- Chemotype / Cultivar
- —
Tình trạng tại Việt Nam
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Phân loại nốt
Top-Middle
Cường độ
3/5
Độ bền trên da
2–4 giờ
Họ hương
Green-herbaceous-earthy
Hương đầu (Opening)(0–15 phút)
Deep damp root, peppery-green wild undergrowth, cool dry coniferous breath, soft musky warmth like aged velvet, ancient and unhurried
Hương giữa (Heart)(15–60 phút)
Rễ cây trầm sâu ẩm đất, cay nhẹ thảo xanh hoang dã, hơi thở thông khô mát lạnh, musk ấm nhung mềm mại, cổ kính lặng yên
Hương nền (Drydown)(1–4 giờ)
2–4 giờ
Cường độ hương
3/5
Da khô
3/5
Da dầu/mụn
2/5
Da lão hóa
3/5
Da thường
3/5
Da nhạy cảm
1/5
Da hỗn hợp
2/5
Nhập khẩuImported
Tên gọi tại Việt Nam
Tinh dầu Bạch chỉ Âu (Angelica Root — European)
Pha Chế & Hòa Hợp
sedative / anxiolytic
Monoterpene hydrocarbon fraction (α-phellandrene, β-phellandrene, δ-3-carene per Kerrola 1994 and Chalchat 1991) may modulate GABA-A receptor activity, a class-typical CNS-depressant effect of monoterpene-rich Apiaceae oils; no angelica-specific human mechanistic data confirmed.
Ref: Tisserand & Young 2014, Ch.13 p.440; composition basis: Kerrola (1994); Chalchat (1991)
carminative / antispasmodic
Phthalide constituents (ligustilide, 3-n-butylidenephthalide) shared with Apiaceae peers (celery, lovage) exert smooth-muscle spasmolytic activity on gastrointestinal tone; class-extrapolation from confirmed phthalide activity in peer species.
Ref: class-extrapolation from celery-seed / lovage-root (phthalide class); Tisserand & Young 2014, Ch.13 p.440
expectorant / mucolytic
Monoterpene hydrocarbons (α- and β-phellandrene, limonene per Kerrola 1994; Chalchat 1991) promote mucociliary clearance and reduce mucous viscosity via surface-active effects, a class-level action across monoterpene-rich EOs.
Ref: Tisserand & Young 2014, Ch.13 p.440; composition basis: Kerrola (1994); Chalchat (1991)
CYP enzyme inhibitor (drug-interaction risk)
Furanocoumarins (bergapten, psoralen, oxypeucedanin) act as mechanism-based irreversible inhibitors of CYP3A4, CYP1A2, CYP2A6, and CYP2B6; analogous to the grapefruit juice/bergamottin CYP3A4 effect (Bailey 1998), posing real drug-interaction risk at therapeutic doses.
Ref: Koenigs (1997); Bailey (1998) [paradigmatic CYP3A4 mechanism]; Ch.14 Furanocoumarin composite profile [via B216]
lymphatic / circulatory tonic
Traditional aromatherapy attribution shared across monoterpene-rich Apiaceae oils; proposed mechanism involves mild stimulation of lymphatic and venous circulation via topical application, though no controlled evidence confirms this for angelica root specifically.
Ref: Tisserand & Young 2014, Ch.13 p.440
anti-inflammatory
β-Caryophyllene sesquiterpene, plausible in Apiaceae root chemistry, acts as selective CB2 receptor agonist modulating NF-κB inflammatory cascades; class-extrapolation — β-caryophyllene presence in this oil not confirmed by available Kerrola/Chalchat citations.
Ref: class-extrapolation from β-caryophyllene sesquiterpene class (e.g. copaiba, black pepper); Tisserand & Young 2014, Ch.13 p.440
AI-summary
No RCT-grade clinical evidence has been located for Angelica Root essential oil as a therapeutic agent. The most robust pharmacological data are in vitro: Koenigs (1997) demonstrated mechanism-based inhibition of CYP3A4, CYP1A2, CYP2A6, and CYP2B6 by angelica root furanocoumarins — a drug-interaction risk signal rather than a therapeutic claim. The photosensitization mechanism via bergapten/psoralen UV-A photoadduct formation is well-characterised (T&Y Ch.14 Bergapten profile). Opdyke (1975) confirmed non-sensitization in a 25-volunteer HRIPT at 4%, with high acute oral LD50 (rat 11 g/kg) and dermal LD50 >5 g/kg, establishing a safety baseline. Traditional aromatherapy use for digestive, respiratory, and nervous system support is documented in T&Y Ch.13 p.440 but lacks controlled human trial validation.
NarrativeTâm trạng: Grounding, Calming
anxietyexhaustionnervous tensionresilienceintrospectionspiritual protection
Chakra
root
Ngũ hành
tho
| Phương pháp | Liều lượng | Ghi chú |
|---|---|---|
| Diffusion | 2–4 drops in 100 ml water (ultrasonic) or 2–3 drops neat (cold-air diffuser) | Preferred route — no phototoxicity risk via inhalation. Suitable for relaxation and respiratory support. Diffuse ≤30 min/session; ventilate room. Contraindicated around children. |
| Topical massage | 0.5–0.8% in carrier oil (3–5 drops per 30 ml carrier) | PHOTOTOXIC: avoid UV exposure on treated skin ≥12 h post-application, or apply only to covered areas. Hard cap 0.8%. Do not use on children. Avoid face/neck/décolletage before sun exposure. |
| Steam inhalation | 1–2 drops in bowl of hot water | Head-over-bowl, 5–10 min with eyes closed. No phototoxic risk via this route. Not suitable for children. |
| Bath | 2–3 drops pre-dispersed in 1 tsp unscented bath gel before adding to water | PHOTOTOXIC: avoid UV exposure on bathed skin ≥12 h. Pre-disperse in emulsifier to prevent neat-oil skin contact. Avoid in children. |
Dầu nền phù hợp
JojobaLiquid wax with exceptional oxidative stability — ideal pairing with an EO requiring careful storage; non-comedogenic and skin-neutral, suits the conservative 0.8% dermal cap.
Sweet Almond OilLight, emollient, oleic-acid-rich carrier that spreads well for massage and supports circulatory/lymphatic applications without overshadowing the delicate herbal-musky scent profile.
Sunflower OilAffordable, linoleic-rich carrier with good skin penetration; practical base for high-volume massage blends at the low 0.8% cap where carrier volume substantially exceeds EO.
Rosehip Seed OilRich in linoleic/linolenic acids; suits mature skin positioning. Use night-only or on covered skin given phototoxicity — do not pair with sun exposure.
Kết hợp tốt với
WoodyResinousHerbaceousSpicyGreen
Blend kinh điển
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[Tisserand & Young] Ch.13 p.440
[Kerrola] angelica root GC composition [via B216]
[Opdyke] angelica root oil 4%/25 volunteers non-sensitizing + LD50 rat 11 g/kg + dermal rabbit >5 g/kg [via B216]
[Koenigs] furanocoumarin CYP3A4 + CYP1A2 + CYP2A6 + CYP2B6 inhibition [via B216]
[Ch.14 Bergapten profile] photosensitization mechanism + PUVA therapy [via B216]
[Ch.14 Furanocoumarin composite profile] CYP inhibition mechanism, phototoxic equivalents [via B216]
[Bailey] grapefruit juice + bergamottin + CYP3A4 mechanism-based inhibition (paradigmatic)
[IFRA Standard] bergapten + psoralen-class restrictions in fragrance (categorical)
An Toàn
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Giới hạn IFRA
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Thai kỳ & Cho con bú
Tam cá nguyệt 1Unknown
Tam cá nguyệt 2Unknown
Tam cá nguyệt 3Unknown
Giới hạn độ tuổi
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Bảo quản
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