- Amyris balsamifera L., Rutaceae. Source: heartwood; steam distillation. "Amyris / West Indian Sandalwood / West Indian Rosewood / Candle wood / Đàn hương Tây Ấn". Commercial sandalwood SUBSTITUTE — NOT a true Santalum. Despite the "West Indian Sandalwood" trade name, it is a Rutaceae genus (same family as citrus) and produces a sesquiterpene-alcohol profile that mimics true sandalwood but is chemically + botanically distinct. Priced ~$60–150/kg vs East Indian sandalwood $3,000/kg.
- Chemistry (Lawrence 1989 — via B216): Valerianol 15.1–21.5% + 10-epi-γ-Eudesmol 10.9–18.2% + β-Eudesmol 6.8–17.8% + γ-Eudesmol 5.9–14.4% + Elemol 4.9–9.0% + α-Eudesmol 1.8–6.8% + α-Agarofuran 1.2–4.8% + 7-epi-α-Eudesmol 1.1–3.0%. Sesquiterpene-alcohol-dominant — particularly eudesmol isomers. NOT santalol (the defining constituent of true sandalwood).
- Hazards: None known. Contraindications: None known. Max dermal: No T&Y numeric cap — low-risk profile; framework 5%. Sandalwood-substitute-positioning rail: use where cost or CITES concern precludes East Indian sandalwood; olfactory substitution is acceptable for many applications but NOT for therapeutic claims linked to santalol specifically.
- Sandalwood-substitute-but-distinct-chemistry rail (CRITICAL): Amyris is marketed as a sandalwood substitute for cost + sustainability reasons, but its dominant sesquiterpenes (valerianol + eudesmols) are NOT the same as sandalwood's α/β-santalol (42–55% in Santalum album). Olfactive similarity is approximate — softer, less cologne-like than santalum; slightly cedary-resinous. Therapeutic claims based on santalol-specific research (5α-reductase inhibition, santalol antibacterial) DO NOT transfer to amyris.
- Sustainability-harvest-pressure rail: While Amyris balsamifera is NOT CITES-listed, the plant is slow-growing + heartwood-only (like true sandalwoods). Haiti + Dominican Republic populations have been over-harvested as a cheap sandalwood replacement since the 1970s. Sustainable sourcing → prefer Haitian cooperative + plantation-grown material. Not acute but monitor.
Tổng Quan
- Danh pháp khoa học
- Amyris balsamifera L.
- Họ thực vật
- Rutaceae
- Bộ phận dùng
- —
- Phương pháp chiết xuất
- steam_distillation
- Màu sắc
- —
- Phân loại nốt hương
- Nốt Base
- Hương thơm
- —
- Chemotype / Cultivar
- —
Tình trạng tại Việt Nam
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Soft hushed sandalwood-adjacent wood, creamy balsamic warmth, earthy valerian whisper, faint oud-adjacent depth, mellow and intimate
Gỗ mềm mại thầm lặng, ấm áp như nhung rừng, thoảng đất và rễ cây xa xôi, gợi trầm hương mờ ảo, trầm lắng và thân mật
2–4 giờ
Tên gọi tại Việt Nam
Pha Chế & Hòa Hợp
Sesquiterpene alcohols dominant profile (elemol, β-eudesmol, α-eudesmol per Lawrence 1989 GC data) are associated with CNS-depressant activity characteristic of the sesquiterpene alcohol class.
Ref: class-extrapolation from Santalum album (true sandalwood), sesquiterpene alcohol class; Lawrence (1989) via B216 for constituent profile
Woody-balsamic odor activates olfactory receptors linked to limbic calming pathways; traditionally used as a grounding and meditation support oil in place of true sandalwood.
Ref: Tisserand & Young (2014), Ch.13 p.439; traditional aromatherapy use
High-boiling sesquiterpene alcohols partition into the stratum corneum, reducing transepidermal water loss and supporting the lipid barrier, particularly beneficial for dry and mature skin.
Ref: class-extrapolation from sesquiterpene alcohol oils; Opdyke (1974) via B216 — confirmed non-irritating at 6%
Sesquiterpene alcohols have high boiling points (>250 °C) and slow evaporation rates, anchoring top and middle notes and extending overall blend longevity in perfumery and aromatherapy formulations.
Ref: Burfield (2003) via B216 — amyris commercial role as sandalwood substitute/fixative; Lawrence (1989) via B216
Elemol and eudesmol-class sesquiterpene alcohols disrupt microbial membrane integrity at relevant concentrations; activity is modest relative to phenol- or monoterpene-dominant antimicrobial oils.
Ref: class-extrapolation from sesquiterpene alcohol oils; Lawrence (1989) via B216 for constituent identification
β-Eudesmol and cadinane-class sesquiterpene alcohols show COX/LOX pathway modulation at cell-culture concentrations in the eudesmol constituent literature.
Ref: class-extrapolation from eudesmol-rich oils; Lawrence (1989) via B216 for constituent identification
AI-summary
Traditional aromatherapy use; no RCT-grade clinical evidence located for amyris specifically. Primary safety data from Opdyke (1974): RIFM-protocol 6%/25 volunteers — non-irritating, non-sensitizing, non-phototoxic; rat oral LD50 >5 g/kg; dermal rabbit >5 g/kg — establishing a robust non-toxic safety baseline. Therapeutic claims for sedation and skin conditioning are inferred from the sesquiterpene alcohol constituent class (elemol, β-eudesmol, α-eudesmol; Lawrence 1989 GC data). No controlled human studies specific to Amyris balsamifera essential oil are recorded in the Tisserand & Young (2014) Ch.13 p.439 entry.
NarrativeTâm trạng: Grounding, Calming
Chakra
root
Ngũ hành
kim
| Phương pháp | Liều lượng | Ghi chú |
|---|---|---|
| Diffusion | 3-5 drops in 100 ml water | Dùng máy khuếch tán siêu âm 30-60 phút/phiên; mùi gỗ-balsamic tạo không khí thư giãn, thiền định. Phù hợp buổi tối hoặc không gian thiền. |
| Topical massage | 2-3% in carrier oil | Pha trong jojoba hoặc sweet almond; massage lưng, vai, cổ giảm căng thẳng. Giữ dưới 5% max dermal (T&Y 2014). |
| Skincare blend | 1-2% in facial carrier | Pha trong jojoba hoặc argan cho da khô, lão hóa. Không lo ngại phototoxicity (Opdyke 1974 non-phototoxic). |
| Bath | 4-6 drops dispersed in bath dispersant or milk | Hòa tan trong 1 thìa dầu nền hoặc sữa tắm TRƯỚC KHI thêm vào nước bồn. Không đổ thẳng vào bồn. Ngâm 15-20 phút. |
| Personal inhaler | 2-3 drops on inhaler wick | Dùng khi di chuyển để hỗ trợ thư giãn và tập trung. Blends tốt với vetiver hoặc sandalwood thật. |
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