- Prunus dulcis var. amara, Rosaceae. Source: kernels (pressed → macerated → steam distilled → rectified to remove hydrocyanic acid). "Bitter Almond FFPA / Bitter Almond (Free From Prussic Acid) / Hạnh nhân đắng đã rectification". FFPA = Free From Prussic Acid — the regulated, food-safe form. CRITICAL: FFPA is RADICALLY different from [[almond-bitter-unrectified]] (which contains HCN and is CI all routes).
- Chemistry (Boelens 1993 — via B216): Benzaldehyde ~97–98% + Benzoic acid ~1% + Benzyl alcohol + trace HCN <0.1% (FFPA spec — residual after rectification). Benzaldehyde-dominant (~98%). Essentially a single-constituent EO after rectification.
- Hazards: Skin sensitization (benzaldehyde). Contraindications: None known for FFPA when standard rectified to HCN <0.1%. Max dermal EU/IFRA/T&Y: 0.5% (based on benzaldehyde 98% × 0.5% dermal limit per Ch.14 Benzaldehyde profile).
- Rectification-discriminator rail (CRITICAL — life-safety): FFPA = Free From Prussic Acid = HCN removed by alkaline/acidic wash post-distillation. The REGULATED, commercially-sold "bitter almond oil" for flavouring must be FFPA (FDA + EU food law). Unrectified bitter almond oil is a controlled substance. If sourcing is ambiguous, assume unrectified until CoA confirms HCN <0.1%. See [[almond-bitter-unrectified]] for the contrasting profile.
- Benzaldehyde-sensitization rail: Benzaldehyde is a known skin sensitizer (Opdyke 1973 bitter almond profile; SCCNFP 2004 benzaldehyde opinion). At 98% concentration the oil IS essentially 98% benzaldehyde. Dermal cap 0.5% reflects this — NEVER undiluted. Stored reliably; no significant oxidation product beyond benzoic acid (which is non-sensitizing).
Tổng Quan
- Danh pháp khoa học
- Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A.Webb var. amara (DC.) Buchheim
- Họ thực vật
- Rosaceae
- Bộ phận dùng
- —
- Phương pháp chiết xuất
- steam_distillation_then_rectification
- Màu sắc
- —
- Phân loại nốt hương
- Nốt Top
- Hương thơm
- —
- Chemotype / Cultivar
- —
Tình trạng tại Việt Nam
Xem chi tiết
Phân loại nốt
Top
Cường độ
5/5
Độ bền trên da
2–4 giờ
Họ hương
Sweet-nutty-almond-cherry
Hương đầu (Opening)(0–15 phút)
Piercing sweet almond, sharp marzipan confection, cherry-pit bite with a medicinal edge, crystalline and immediate, amaretto warmth
Hương giữa (Heart)(15–60 phút)
Ngọt sắc hạnh nhân tinh khiết, mùi mứt marzipan xuyên thấu, vị chua ngọt của nhân hạt mơ, ấm nồng pha chút thuốc men, sắc bén và tức thì
Hương nền (Drydown)(1–4 giờ)
2–4 giờ
Cường độ hương
5/5
Da khô
2/5
Da dầu/mụn
2/5
Da lão hóa
2/5
Da thường
2/5
Da nhạy cảm
1/5
Da hỗn hợp
2/5
Nhập khẩuImported
Tên gọi tại Việt Nam
Tinh dầu Hạnh nhân đắng (FFPA — đã loại HCN)
Pha Chế & Hòa Hợp
antimicrobial — broad-spectrum (in vitro)
Benzaldehyde (~95% of FFPA composition) disrupts microbial cell membrane integrity and inhibits key enzymatic pathways, exhibiting bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity in laboratory models.
Ref: class-extrapolation from benzaldehyde constituent profile — Ch.14 (Tisserand & Young 2014)
antifungal (in vitro)
Benzaldehyde’s aldehyde electrophilicity reacts with fungal enzyme thiol groups, inhibiting hyphal growth and spore germination dose-dependently; no whole-oil clinical evidence located.
Ref: class-extrapolation from benzaldehyde constituent profile — Ch.14 (Tisserand & Young 2014)
anxiolytic / mood-lifting (olfactory)
The sweet marzipan benzaldehyde aroma activates olfactory bulb pathways with limbic connectivity, used traditionally for comforting and emotionally grounding effects.
Ref: Tisserand & Young 2014, Ch.13 p.436; traditional aromatherapy use
anti-nausea aromatic (inhalation)
Inhalation of benzaldehyde vapour is associated with suppression of nausea responses via olfactory-vagal pathways, consistent with its extensive history as a digestive aromatic flavouring.
Ref: FDA 21 CFR §582.20; EU Reg. (EC) No 1334/2008; traditional aromatherapy use
AI-summary
No RCT-grade clinical evidence located for almond bitter FFPA as a topical or inhaled aromatherapy agent. Available literature is food-safety toxicology: Opdyke (1973) documents acute/subchronic toxicology; JECFA establishes benzaldehyde ADI 5 mg/kg/day; SCCNFP (2004) identifies dermal sensitization risk above 0.5%. FDA GRAS (21 CFR §582.20) and EU Reg. 1334/2008 reflect food-use safety only, not therapeutic efficacy. Traditional aromatherapy use; no RCT-grade clinical evidence located.
NarrativeTâm trạng: Uplifting, Stimulating
nostalgiacomfortsensualityjoyfocuswarmth
Chakra
sacral
Ngũ hành
tho
| Phương pháp | Liều lượng | Ghi chú |
|---|---|---|
| Diffusion | 1-2 drops per 100 ml water | Sessions max 15-20 min with adequate ventilation. Avoid prolonged closed-room diffusion; benzaldehyde intensity is high. Not suitable around infants or young children. |
| Topical massage | 0.5% in carrier oil (absolute maximum) | Hard cap: Ch.14 benzaldehyde 0.5% limit. Patch-test required; sensitization risk. Small areas only. Avoid broken or inflamed skin. Contraindicated in pregnancy and children under 2. |
| Cold inhalation | 1 drop on tissue, held 10-15 cm from nose; 3-5 inhalations | Preferred when minimising skin contact (nausea, emotional support). Do not touch tissue to skin with undiluted oil. Brief sessions only; discontinue if headache occurs. |
Dầu nền phù hợp
Jojoba oilVirtually odourless liquid wax with excellent stability; allows the benzaldehyde aroma to express cleanly. Well-suited to the 0.5% working dilution.
Fractionated coconut oilLightweight, non-greasy, indefinite shelf life — ideal for very low-concentration blends. Neutral scent preserves benzaldehyde character without rancidity risk.
Sweet almond oilBotanically congeneric (both Prunus dulcis); natural aromatic pairing with soft-nutty background. Light to medium absorption. Use cold-pressed sweet almond, never bitter almond, as carrier.
Kết hợp tốt với
FloralResinousSpicyWoody
Blend kinh điển
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—
—
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[Tisserand & Young] Ch.13 p.436
[Boelens] GC composition [via B216]
[Opdyke] bitter almond oil FFPA toxicology [via B216]
[Ch.14 Benzaldehyde profile] 0.5% dermal limit + sensitization [via B216]
[SCCNFP] benzaldehyde safety opinion
[JECFA] benzaldehyde ADI 5 mg/kg/day
[FDA 21 CFR §582.20] GRAS benzaldehyde + FFPA food use
[EU Reg.] flavouring regulation
An Toàn
Giới hạn da tối đa
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Giới hạn IFRA
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Thai kỳ & Cho con bú
Tam cá nguyệt 1Unknown
Tam cá nguyệt 2Unknown
Tam cá nguyệt 3Unknown
Giới hạn độ tuổi
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Bảo quản
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