- Cymbopogon validus Stapf., Poaceae (Gramineae). Source: leaves; steam distillation. "African bluegrass / Giant turpentine grass / Tambookie grass / Tambuti / Cỏ xanh châu Phi". One of the less-common commercial Cymbopogon species — "Limited availability" per T&Y. Primarily Southern African origin (South Africa, Zimbabwe).
- Chemistry (Teubes, private communication 2003): β-Myrcene 15.4–20.2% + (Z)-β-Ocimene 10.3–11.5% + Borneol 6.4–9.5% + Germacrene D-4-ol 1.6–6.6% + γ-Terpinene 0.1–5.7% + Camphene 3.6–5.4% + α-Cadinol 1.9–4.2% + α-Pinene 3.0–3.9% + Geraniol 1.7–3.2% + Bornyl acetate 2.8–3.1% + (E)-β-Ocimene tr–2.8% + Elemicin 1.8–2.7% + Germacrene A 1.9–2.1% + β-Cadinol 1.1–1.9% + T-Muurolol 1.0–1.9% + Neral 0.1–1.4% + Linalool 1.3% + α-Caryophyllene 0.5–1.2% + Methyleugenol 0.2–0.3%. Myrcene-dominant — uncommon primary chemistry. NOT citral-dominant (unlike lemongrass).
- Hazards: Potentially carcinogenic, based on methyleugenol content. Contraindications: None known. Max oral 233 mg. Max dermal: EU 0.07% + IFRA 0.13% + T&Y 6.7%. Critical regulatory gap: the TY cap is 50× the EU cap and 50× the IFRA cap. Oral + dermal caps are both driven by the 0.3% methyleugenol and are based on Ch.14 methyleugenol profile (0.02% dermal + 0.01 mg/kg oral).
- Myrcene-reproductive-toxicity-framework-negative rail: Delgado 1993a + 1993b + Paumgartten 1998 — oral β-myrcene at 500 mg/kg pregnant rats reproductively toxic; at 250 mg/kg not. T&Y explicit: This does NOT suggest any dose limitation for African bluegrass oil (i.e., the myrcene content at 15–20% of the oil, applied at <7% dermal max, does not reach the rat-toxic dose level).
- Constituent anticarcinogenic positive rail: Geraniol + α-caryophyllene display anticarcinogenic activity (Ch.14). α-Cadinol is active against human colon cancer cell line HT-29 (He 1997a). Oil overall lightly positive signal despite methyleugenol regulatory-risk cap. "Limited availability" → small market, less commercial pressure on adulteration.
Tổng Quan
- Danh pháp khoa học
- Cymbopogon validus Stapf.
- Họ thực vật
- Poaceae
- Bộ phận dùng
- —
- Phương pháp chiết xuất
- steam_distillation
- Màu sắc
- —
- Phân loại nốt hương
- Nốt Top
- Hương thơm
- —
- Chemotype / Cultivar
- —
Tình trạng tại Việt Nam
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Phân loại nốt
Top
Cường độ
3/5
Độ bền trên da
2–4 giờ
Họ hương
Fresh-green-herbaceous
Hương đầu (Opening)(0–15 phút)
Bright green crushed grass, warm camphoraceous drift, damp earth after rain, pleasantly wild and untamed, faintly spiced with distant warmth
Hương giữa (Heart)(15–60 phút)
Xanh mướt như cỏ dại dẫm nát, hương long não ấm dịu thoảng bay, đất ẩm sau cơn mưa rừng, hoang dã dễ chịu, thoảng chút ấm gia vị xa xa
Hương nền (Drydown)(1–4 giờ)
2–4 giờ
Cường độ hương
3/5
Da khô
2/5
Da dầu/mụn
3/5
Da lão hóa
2/5
Da thường
3/5
Da nhạy cảm
1/5
Da hỗn hợp
3/5
Nhập khẩuImported
Tên gọi tại Việt Nam
Tinh dầu Cỏ xanh châu Phi (African Bluegrass)
Pha Chế & Hòa Hợp
Anti-inflammatory
α-Caryophyllene present in the oil selectively binds CB2 receptors, downregulating pro-inflammatory cytokine release; this mechanism is well-characterised for the sesquiterpene class at the constituent level.
Ref: class-extrapolation from Cymbopogon citratus; T&Y Ch.14 α-Caryophyllene profile via B216
Anticarcinogenic — α-cadinol pathway (in vitro)
α-Cadinol demonstrated inhibitory activity against HT-29 human colon adenocarcinoma cells in vitro; precise intracellular mechanism not fully characterised in the cited source.
Ref: He (1997a) via B216; Tisserand & Young (2014) Ch.13 p.433–434
Anticarcinogenic — geraniol/caryophyllene pathway (in vitro)
Geraniol induces apoptosis and reduces tumour cell proliferation in cell-culture models; α-caryophyllene shows antiproliferative activity via CB2-mediated and NF-κB modulation pathways.
Ref: Tisserand & Young (2014), Ch.14, Geraniol + α-Caryophyllene profiles via B216
Antimicrobial — broad spectrum
Terpenoid-rich Cymbopogon profile disrupts microbial membrane integrity and inhibits metabolic enzymes; mechanism extrapolated from well-studied Cymbopogon genus peers sharing comparable terpenoid classes.
Ref: class-extrapolation from Cymbopogon citratus (lemongrass); Tisserand & Young (2014) Ch.13 p.433–434
Insect repellent
Volatile terpenoid constituents including geraniol and β-myrcene deter arthropod pests via olfactory receptor disruption; characteristic property across the Cymbopogon genus.
Ref: class-extrapolation from Cymbopogon nardus (citronella); Tisserand & Young (2014) Ch.13 p.433–434
AI-summary
Traditional aromatherapy use; no RCT-grade clinical evidence located for Cymbopogon validus specifically. Constituent-level in vitro evidence only: α-cadinol demonstrated activity against HT-29 human colon adenocarcinoma cells (He 1997a via B216). Geraniol and α-caryophyllene are cited in T&Y Ch.14 as anticarcinogenic constituents based on cell-culture models. β-Myrcene showed reproductive toxicity in rat studies at high doses (Delgado 1993a/b; Paumgartten 1998 via B216). Methyleugenol is a rodent carcinogen at sufficient exposure per T&Y Ch.14; IFRA (2009) and SCCNFP/European Commission (2002) enforce a 0.02% dermal cap. None of these findings constitute human clinical trial evidence for African Bluegrass as a whole oil.
NarrativeTâm trạng: Stimulating, Grounding
clarityvitalitywildnessfocusresiliencealertness
Chakra
heart
Ngũ hành
moc
| Phương pháp | Liều lượng | Ghi chú |
|---|---|---|
| Diffusion | 3–4 drops in 100 ml water | Standard aromatic diffusion; avoid in spaces shared with pregnant women or children under 2 due to β-myrcene reproductive toxicity and methyleugenol content. |
| Topical massage | 1–2% in carrier oil (≤6.7% maximum adult) | Dilute well in jojoba or fractionated coconut. Patch test mandatory due to methyleugenol sensitisation risk. Contraindicated in pregnancy. |
| Inhalation | 1–2 drops on cloth or tissue | Brief intermittent exposure preferred. Discontinue immediately if irritation occurs. Avoid prolonged direct inhalation sessions. |
| Bath | 3–5 drops dispersed in bath salts or emulsifier | Fully disperse in emulsifier before adding to water to prevent undiluted skin contact. Avoid during pregnancy. |
Dầu nền phù hợp
JojobaHighly stable, non-comedogenic wax-ester; suits most skin types and reduces sensitisation risk when diluting methyleugenol-containing oils.
Fractionated coconut oilLightweight, neutral, long shelf life; ideal for topical massage blends and room-temperature storage with volatile EOs.
Sweet almond oilEmollient base suited to dry and normal skin; provides good slip and dilution depth for massage applications.
Kết hợp tốt với
CamphoraceousHerbaceousWoodyEarthySpicy
Blend kinh điển
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[Tisserand & Young] Ch.13 p.433–434
[Teubes] GC composition [via B216]
[Delgado] β-myrcene reproductive toxicity rat [via B216]
[Ch.14 Methyleugenol profile] 0.02% dermal + 0.01 mg/kg oral + rodent carcinogen at sufficient exposure [via B216]
[Ch.14 Geraniol + α-Caryophyllene profiles] anticarcinogenic [via B216]
[He] α-cadinol active against HT-29 human colon cancer [via B216]
[IFRA] methyleugenol regulatory caps [via B216]
An Toàn
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Giới hạn IFRA
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Thai kỳ & Cho con bú
Tam cá nguyệt 1Unknown
Tam cá nguyệt 2Unknown
Tam cá nguyệt 3Unknown
Giới hạn độ tuổi
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Bảo quản
Bảo quản nơi tối, mát